{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T10:05:30Z","timestamp":1746007530353,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41672272, 41427803 and 41602318"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In geotechnical engineering seepage of diaphragm walls is an important issue which may cause engineering disasters. It is therefore of great significance to develop reliable monitoring technology to monitor the leakage. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system in leakage monitoring of underground diaphragm walls using 1 g model tests. The principles of seepage monitoring based on distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology are introduced. Fiber with heating cable was laid along the wall to control seepage flow at different speeds. The temperature rise of the fiber during seepage was also recorded under different heating power conditions. In particular the effect of single variables (seepage velocity and heating power) on the temperature rise of optical fibers was discussed. Test results indicated that the temperature difference between the seepage and non-seepage parts of diaphragm wall can be monitored well using fiber-optic external heating cable. Higher heating power also can improve the resolution of fiber-optic seepage. The seepage velocity had a linear relationship with the final stable temperature after heating, and the linear correlation coefficient increases with the increase of heating power. The stable temperature decreased with the increase of flow velocity. The findings provide a basis for quantitative measurement and precise location of seepage velocity of diaphragm walls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T15:21:22Z","timestamp":1558020082000},"page":"2269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Experimental Study of Leakage Monitoring of Diaphragm Walls Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Measurement Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Songling Road No. 238, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road No.1, Qingdao 266003, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Songling Road No. 238, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Hailei","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Songling Road No. 238, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road No.1, Qingdao 266003, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongnian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road No.11, Qingdao 266033, China"}]},{"given":"Qingsheng","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Songling Road No. 238, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road No.1, Qingdao 266003, China"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Songling Road No. 238, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Haotong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Songling Road No. 238, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Songling Road No. 238, Qingdao 266100, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Spatial behavior analysis of deep excavation","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chin. 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