{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T06:01:19Z","timestamp":1719900079196},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61471299 and 51776222"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In the field of array signal processing, distributed sources can be regarded as an assembly of point sources within a spatial distribution. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) non-symmetric incoherently distributed (ID) source model is proposed; we explore the estimation of a 2D non-symmetric ID source using L-shape arrays. The 2D non-symmetric ID source is established by modeling the angular power density function (APDF) as a Gaussian mixture model. Estimation of the non-symmetric distributed source is proposed based on the expectation maximization (EM) framework. The proposed EM iterative framework contains three steps in the process of each circle. Firstly, the nominal azimuth and nominal elevation of each Gaussian component are obtained from the phase parts of elements in sample covariance matrices. Then the angular spreads can be solved through a one-dimensional (1D) search by the original generalized Capon estimator. Finally, weights of each Gaussian component are obtained by solving the least-squares estimator. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the estimation technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T07:49:31Z","timestamp":1552376971000},"page":"1226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estimation of Two-Dimensional Non-Symmetric Incoherently Distributed Source with L-Shape Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Combustion, Thermal-Structure and Internal Flow Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"given":"Zhengxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shaanxi, China"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, Shaanxi, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1109\/78.414777","article-title":"Parametric localization of distributed sources","volume":"43","author":"Valaee","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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