{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:48:27Z","timestamp":1740149307224,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In the field of communication, synchronization is always an important issue. The communication between a light-emitting diode (LED) array (LEA) and a camera is known as visual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), for which the data transmitter and receiver must be synchronized for seamless communication. In visual-MIMO, LEDs generally have a faster data rate than the camera. Hence, we propose an effective time-sharing-based synchronization technique with its color-independent characteristics providing the key to overcome this synchronization problem in visual-MIMO communication. We also evaluated the performance of our synchronization technique by varying the distance between the LEA and camera. A graphical analysis is also presented to compare the symbol error rate (SER) at different distances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T07:29:34Z","timestamp":1526369374000},"page":"1553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Time-Sharing-Based Synchronization and Performance Evaluation of Color-Independent Visual-MIMO Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tae-Ho","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5170-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jai-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"}]},{"given":"Ki-Doo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kwon, T.H., Kim, J.W., and Kim, K.-D. 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Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services, Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/2742647.2742667"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, P., Pathak, P.H., Feng, X., Fu, H., and Mohapatra, P. (2015, January 1\u20134). ColorBars: Increasing data rate of LED-to-Camera communication using color shift keying. Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, Heidelberg, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/2716281.2836097"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2016.2545643","article-title":"Mobile Phone Camera-Based Indoor Visible Light Communications with Rotation Compensation","volume":"8","author":"Cahyadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Sugimoto, T.M., and Hashizume, H. (2016, January 13\u201317). 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