{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T16:37:58Z","timestamp":1718296678162},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]],"date-time":"2018-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"The Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) is a new positioning system developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences based on the communication satellites in geosynchronous orbit. The CAPS has been regarded as a pilot system to test the new technology for the design, construction and update of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). The system structure of CAPS, including the space, ground control station and user segments, is almost like the traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), but with the clock on the ground, the navigation signal in C waveband, and different principles of operation. The major difference is that the CAPS navigation signal is first generated at the ground control station, before being transmitted to the satellite in orbit and finally forwarded by the communication satellite transponder to the user. This design moves the clock from the satellite in orbit to the ground. The clock error can therefore be easily controlled and mitigated to improve the positioning accuracy. This paper will present the performance of CAPS-based relative positioning and velocity estimation as assessed in Beijing, China. The numerical results show that, (1) the accuracies of relative positioning, using only code measurements, are 1.25 and 1.8 m in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively; (2) meanwhile, they are about 2.83 and 3.15 cm in static mode and 6.31 and 10.78 cm in kinematic mode, respectively, when using the carrier-phase measurements with ambiguities fixed; and (3) the accuracy of the velocity estimation is about 0.04 and 0.11 m\/s in static and kinematic modes, respectively. These results indicate the potential application of CAPS for high-precision positioning and velocity estimation and the availability of a new navigation mode based on communication satellites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T06:57:20Z","timestamp":1526281040000},"page":"1528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The First Result of Relative Positioning and Velocity Estimation Based on CAPS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049 Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3911-3059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zishen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.340 Xudong Road, Wuchang District, 430077 Wuhan, China"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049 Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Ningbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betz, J.W. 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