{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:48:22Z","timestamp":1740149302913,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61505019","61520106013","61605023"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning","award":["2015020666"]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Dalian University of technology","award":["DUT16RC (4)52"]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities","award":["DUT16TD17"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005154","name":"PetroChina Innovation Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016D-5007-0603"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"A compact and low-power consuming fiber-optic anemometer based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) coated tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is presented. TFBG as a near infrared in-fiber sensing element is able to excite a number of cladding modes and radiation modes in the fiber and effectively couple light in the core to interact with the fiber surrounding mediums. It is an ideal in-fiber device used in a fiber hot-wire anemometer (HWA) as both coupling and sensing elements to simplify the sensing head structure. The fabricated TFBG was immobilized with an SWCNT film on the fiber surface. SWCNTs, a kind of innovative nanomaterial, were utilized as light-heat conversion medium instead of traditional metallic materials, due to its excellent infrared light absorption ability and competitive thermal conductivity. When the SWCNT film strongly absorbs the light in the fiber, the sensor head can be heated and form a \u201chot wire\u201d. As the sensor is put into wind field, the wind will take away the heat on the sensor resulting in a temperature variation that is then accurately measured by the TFBG. Benefited from the high coupling and absorption efficiency, the heating and sensing light source was shared with only one broadband light source (BBS) without any extra pumping laser complicating the system. This not only significantly reduces power consumption, but also simplifies the whole sensing system with lower cost. In experiments, the key parameters of the sensor, such as the film thickness and the inherent angle of the TFBG, were fully investigated. It was demonstrated that, under a very low BBS input power of 9.87 mW, a 0.100 nm wavelength response can still be detected as the wind speed changed from 0 to 2 m\/s. In addition, the sensitivity was found to be \u22120.0346 nm\/(m\/s) under the wind speed of 1 m\/s. The proposed simple and low-power-consumption wind speed sensing system exhibits promising potential for future long-term remote monitoring and on-chip sensing in practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T14:04:49Z","timestamp":1505397889000},"page":"2107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Novel Low-Power-Consumption All-Fiber-Optic Anemometer with Simple System Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Zexu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Zigeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Changsen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.03.090","article-title":"Optical fiber hydrogen sensor based on an annealing-stimulated Pd-Y thin film","volume":"216","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. 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