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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T07:51:56Z","timestamp":1723017116115},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]],"date-time":"2010-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard are able to achieve low-power transmissions in the guise of low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area networks (WPANs). The slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA\/CA) is used for contention mechanism. Sensor nodes perform a backoff process as soon as the clear channel assessment (CCA) detects a busy channel. In doing so they may neglect the implicit information of the failed CCA detection and further cause the redundant sensing. The blind backoff process in the slotted CSMA\/CA will cause lower channel utilization. This paper proposes an additional carrier sensing (ACS) algorithm based on IEEE 802.15.4 to enhance the carrier sensing mechanism for the original slotted CSMA\/CA. An analytical Markov chain model is developed to evaluate the performance of the ACS algorithm. Both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than IEEE 802.15.4, which in turn significantly improves throughput, average medium access control (MAC) delay and power consumption of CCA detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100706275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]],"date-time":"2010-06-24T15:03:23Z","timestamp":1277391803000},"page":"6275-6289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Study on Additional Carrier Sensing for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bih-Hwang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Ruei-Lung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Huai-Kuei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Networking and System Administration, Ling Tung University, 1 Ling tung Rd., Taichung 408, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ming","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEEE 802.15.4 Working Group (2003). Standard for Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), IEEE."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1304251","article-title":"Will IEEE 802.15.4 Make Ubiquitous Networking a Reality?: A Discussion on a Potential Low Power, Low Standard","volume":"42","author":"Zheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024418","article-title":"Home Networking with IEEE 802.15.4: A Developing Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks","volume":"40","author":"Callaway","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gutierrez, JA (, January September). On The Use of IEEE 802.15.4 to Enable Wireless Sensor Networks in Building Automation. Barcelona, Spain."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Sarvakar, K, and Patel, PS (, January December). An Efficient Hybrid MAC Layer Protocol Utilized for Wireless Sensor Networks. Allahabad, India,."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Deng, H, Shen, J, Zhang, B, Zheng, J, Ma, J, and Liu, H (, January November). Performance Analysis for Optimal Hybrid Medium Access Control in Wireless Sensor Networks. New Orleans, LA, USA."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2007.900704","article-title":"Z-MAC: A Hybrid MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"16","author":"Rhee","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Network"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2007.061891","article-title":"An Enhanced CSMA-CA Algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs","volume":"11","author":"Ha","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Misic, J, Misic, VB, and Shafi, S (, January October). Performance of IEEE 802154 beacon enable PAN with uplink transmissions in non-saturation mode\u2014access delay for finite buffers. San Jose, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2004.08.002","article-title":"The impact of MAC parameters on the performance of 802.15.4 PAN","volume":"3","author":"Misic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20051662","article-title":"Throughput and energy consumption analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA\/CA","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Electron. Lett"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2006.1673013","article-title":"MAC Throughput Limit Analysis of Slotted CSMA\/CA in IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2008.923669","article-title":"Enhanced Markov Chain Model and Throughput Analysis of the Slotted CSMA\/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 under Unsaturated Traffic Conditions","volume":"58","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2008.060057","article-title":"Performance Analysis of Slotted Carrier Sense IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Layer","volume":"17","author":"Pollin","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1109\/49.840210","article-title":"Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function","volume":"18","author":"Bianchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/7\/6275\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T22:00:16Z","timestamp":1717020016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/7\/6275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s100706275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100706275","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]]}}}