{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T15:14:38Z","timestamp":1724771678646},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Commonwealth Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources","award":["SCICDD00002"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"This paper explores the application and advantages of remote sensing, machine learning, and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) as a popular proximal sensing spectroscopy tool in the estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC). It underscores the practical implications and benefits of the integrated approach combining machine learning, remote sensing, and proximal sensing for SOC estimation and prediction across a range of applications, including comprehensive soil health mapping and carbon credit assessment. These advanced technologies offer a promising pathway, reducing costs and resource utilization while improving the precision of SOC estimation. We conducted a comparative analysis between MIR-predicted SOC values and laboratory-measured SOC values using 36 soil samples. The results demonstrate a strong fit (R\u00b2 = 0.83), underscoring the potential of this integrated approach. While acknowledging that our analysis is based on a limited sample size, these initial findings offer promise and serve as a foundation for future research. We will be providing updates when we obtain more data. Furthermore, this paper explores the potential for commercialising these technologies in Australia, with the aim of helping farmers harness the advantages of carbon markets. Based on our study\u2019s findings, coupled with insights from the existing literature, we suggest that adopting this integrated SOC measurement approach could significantly benefit local economies, enhance farmers\u2019 ability to monitor changes in soil health, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. These outcomes align with global climate change mitigation efforts. Furthermore, our study\u2019s approach, supported by other research, offers a potential template for regions worldwide seeking similar solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15235571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T14:37:54Z","timestamp":1701355074000},"page":"5571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preliminary Results in Innovative Solutions for Soil Carbon Estimation: Integrating Remote Sensing, Machine Learning, and Proximal Sensing Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"}]},{"given":"Anquan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5257-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy I.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4849-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun 248006, India"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"}]},{"given":"Hongdou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziltek Pty. Ltd., 8 Tooronga Avenue, Edwardstown, SA 5039, Australia"}]},{"given":"Oli","family":"Madgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farmlab Pty. Ltd., Unit 4\/121 Allingham St, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farmlab Pty. Ltd., Unit 4\/121 Allingham St, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farmlab Pty. Ltd., Unit 4\/121 Allingham St, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Ruhnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farmlab Pty. Ltd., Unit 4\/121 Allingham St, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Y\u00fcz\u00fcg\u00fcll\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgriCircle, 8808 Pf\u00e4ffikon, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Fajraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgriCircle, 8808 Pf\u00e4ffikon, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Deeksha","family":"Beniwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziltek Pty. Ltd., 8 Tooronga Avenue, Edwardstown, SA 5039, Australia"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsiminis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziltek Pty. Ltd., 8 Tooronga Avenue, Edwardstown, SA 5039, Australia"}]},{"given":"Chaya","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziltek Pty. Ltd., 8 Tooronga Avenue, Edwardstown, SA 5039, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2381-9601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram C.","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yash P.","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1976.03615995004000030045x","article-title":"Estimate of organic carbon in world soils","volume":"40","author":"Bohn","year":"1976","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 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