乐胖代购免代理版

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T07:28:10Z","timestamp":1687418890843},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2017YFA0603104"]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42074006"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"Previous studies of GNSS-IR mainly focused on the legacy L1C signal; the potential of modernized signals (L2C and L5Q) has not yet been fully exploited. In this paper, we applied the Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA) method to extract common interference patterns from different frequencies simultaneously. The three-frequency (L1C, L2C, and L5Q) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements from a total of 840 satellite rising and setting arcs, occurring between day of year 250 to 279 in year 2020 and 2021, were used. By comparing GNSS-IR reflector heights obtained from the original and M-SSA-reconstructed SNR time series, we found that M-SSA significantly improves the between-frequency consistency, as shown by an increase in the values of R-squared of linear regression from (0.69, 0.67, 0.89) to (0.95, 0.96, 0.98), and a decrease in RMSE from (0.10 m, 0.10 m, 0.06 m) to (0.04 m, 0.04 m, 0.02 m) for S1C-S2C, S1C-S5Q, and S2C-S5Q pair, respectively. Our results validate (1) the effectiveness of the M-SSA method in extracting common interference patterns from multi-frequency SNR time series, and (2) the superiority of modernized civil signals L2C and L5Q over the legacy L1C signal in GNSS-IR studies. We also emphasize the important role that the L5 signal will play in future GNSS-IR research because of its compatibility and interoperability among different satellite navigation systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T06:18:27Z","timestamp":1679897907000},"page":"1779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving Consistency of GNSS-IR Reflector Height Estimates between Different Frequencies Using Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4497-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jintao","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7436-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-014-0370-z","article-title":"An open source GPS multipath simulator in Matlab\/Octave","volume":"18","author":"Nievinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-013-0331-y","article-title":"Forward modeling of GPS multipath for near-surface reflectometry and positioning applications","volume":"18","author":"Nievinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-018-0744-8","article-title":"Software tools for GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR)","volume":"22","author":"Roesler","year":"2018","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-021-01206-y","article-title":"Editing arcs to improve the capacity of GNSS-IR for soil moisture retrieval in undulating terrains","volume":"26","author":"Ran","year":"2022","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6555","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2297681","article-title":"Inverse Modeling of GPS Multipath for Snow Depth Estimation\u2014Part I: Formulation and Simulations","volume":"52","author":"Nievinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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