{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T04:35:57Z","timestamp":1728448557494},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42074190","42020104002","41727803","41904141"]},{"name":"Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["CAS-WX2021SF-0303","CAS-WX2021PY-0101"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"By using fast ionogram observations, we report the first simultaneous observations of ascending ion layers at equatorial and low latitudes. The ionosonde measurements at Sanya (18.3\u00b0N, 109.6\u00b0E; dip lat. 12.2\u00b0N) and Chumphon (10.7\u00b0N, 99.4\u00b0E; dip lat. 3.8\u00b0N) show that a high Es layer, which might contain metallic ions, was directly lifted upward from the local E region to F region bottomside at morning hours, in a pattern similar to the vertical drift of the F region background ionosphere driven by the daytime eastward electric field. A statistical analysis with Sanya ionosonde measurements shows that the low latitude ascending ion layer is not a rare phenomenon, with a maximum occurrence of 22% during equinox. The results indicate that at the latitudes far away from the magnetic equator, the local E region metallic ions could be directly brought into the F region with the ascending layer. It can be expected that fast ionogram measurements, which can easily capture the rapid evolution of the background ionosphere, will play an important role in studying the formation of some unexpected high altitude metallic layers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T09:08:40Z","timestamp":1668762520000},"page":"5811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fast Ionogram Observations of Ascending Thin Layers Locally Transported from the E to F Region at Equatorial and Low Latitudes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-3059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianhuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7669-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guozhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zonghua","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China"},{"name":"Kunming Electromagnetic Environment National Observation and Research Station, Qujing 655000, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xiukuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Mohe Geophysical Observatory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Haiyong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Zhengping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineer, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 6110011, Japan"}]},{"given":"Jiaping","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineer, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Zhaoguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Baiqi","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"A08321","article-title":"Precursor signatures and evolution of post-sunset equatorial spread-F observed over Sanya","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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