{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T04:10:13Z","timestamp":1736136613256,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (RKI)","award":["1545\/UN1\/DITLIT\/Dit-Lit\/PT.01.03\/2022"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019084","name":"Kobe University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"Spatial approaches, based on the deformation measurement of volcanic domes and crater rims, is key in evaluating the activity of a volcano, such as Merapi Volcano, where associated disaster risk regularly takes lives. Within this framework, this study aims to detect localized topographic change in the summit area that has occurred concomitantly with the dome growth and explosion reported. The methodology was focused on two sets of data, one LiDAR-based dataset from 2012 and one UAV dataset from 2014. The results show that during the period 2012\u20132014, the crater walls were 100\u2013120 m above the crater floor at its maximum (from the north to the east\u2013southeast sector), while the west and north sectors present a topographic range of 40\u201380 m. During the period 2012\u20132014, the evolution of the crater rim around the dome was generally stable (no large collapse). The opening of a new vent on the surface of the dome has displaced an equivalent volume of 2.04 \u00d7 104 m3, corresponding to a maximum \u22129 m (+\/\u22120.9 m) vertically. The exploded material has partly fallen within the crater, increasing the accumulated loose material while leaving \u201chollows\u201d where the vents are located, although the potential presence of debris inside these vents made it difficult to determine the exact size of these openings. Despite a measure of the error from the two DEMs, adding a previously published dataset shows further discrepancies, suggesting that there is also a technical need to develop point-cloud technologies for active volcanic craters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14205193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T04:31:01Z","timestamp":1666067461000},"page":"5193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["LiDAR and UAV SfM-MVS of Merapi Volcanic Dome and Crater Rim Change from 2012 to 2014"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1738-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sediment Hazards and Disaster Risks, Faculty of Oceanology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Disaster Study, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Anggri","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disaster Study, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Noviyanti","family":"Listyaningrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disaster Study, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy Budi","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Danang Sri","family":"Hadmoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disaster Study, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiwit","family":"Suryanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Herlan","family":"Darmawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Balazs","family":"Bradak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sediment Hazards and Disaster Risks, Faculty of Oceanology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}]},{"given":"Rikuto","family":"Daikai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sediment Hazards and Disaster Risks, Faculty of Oceanology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}]},{"given":"Sunardi","family":"Sunardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 40133, Indonesia"},{"name":"Doctoral Program on Environmental Science, Postgraduate School (SPs), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Yudo","family":"Prasetyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50277, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Annisa Joviani","family":"Astari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Science Study Program, Faculty of Social Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung 40154, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Lukman","family":"Lukman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Idea Wening","family":"Nurani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Geography UMR 8591, Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne, 94320 Thiais, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moh.","family":"Dede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program on Environmental Science, Postgraduate School (SPs), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Indranova","family":"Suhendro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disaster Study, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1320-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Lavigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Geography UMR 8591, Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne, 94320 Thiais, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2090-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukhamad Ngainul","family":"Malawani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Geography UMR 8591, Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne, 94320 Thiais, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL008389","article-title":"Instability and collapse of hazardous gas-pressurized 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