{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T10:36:48Z","timestamp":1726223808170},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field, CAS","award":["YSBR-018"]},{"name":"Meridian Project and the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41427901"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR) is a newly developed phased array incoherent scatter radar in the low latitudes of China located at Sanya (18.3\u00b0N, 109.6\u00b0E), Hainan Province. The main objective of SYISR is to observe the ionosphere. Given its frequency and power, it should have the capability to observe the troposphere. In this study, we show several tropospheric wind experiments that may indicate radar function expansion and capability verification, although observing the troposphere will not be an operation mode in the future. Reliable radar echoes were detected by SYISR up to 20 km with a turbulence scale of 0.35 m and a frequency of 430 MHz. Generally, both the geometric (GEO) method and the velocity azimuth display (VAD) method give similar wind profiles. Above 10 km, the discrepancy between the two methods becomes nonnegligible. For the same method, the discrepancy above 15\u201320 km among winds derived from different zenith angle measurements is nonnegligible. The VAD methods give more reasonable results at higher altitudes. The standard deviation of the difference (SYISR radar minus the reanalysis data ERA5) for zonal wind and meridional wind was 1.1 m\/s and 0.78 m\/s, respectively. During rainfall, we can distinguish the spectrum of rainfall and atmospheric turbulence from the power spectrum according to the spectral widths and Doppler frequency shifts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T02:43:28Z","timestamp":1656557008000},"page":"3138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Initial Tropospheric Wind Observations by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3379-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Baiqi","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8335-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0150-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wallace, J.M., and Hobbs, P.V. 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