{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T23:45:17Z","timestamp":1725839117344},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"The prolonged drought of recent years combined with the steadily increasing bark beetle infestation (Ips typographus) is causing enormous damage in Germany\u2019s spruce forests. This preliminary study investigates whether early spruce infestation by the bark beetle (green attack) can be detected using indices based on airborne spatial high-resolution (0.3 m) hyperspectral data and field spectrometer measurements. In particular, a new hyperspectral index based on airborne data has been defined and compared with other common indices for bark beetle detection. It shows a very high overall accuracy (OAA = 98.84%) when validated with field data. Field measurements and a long-term validation in a second study area serve the validation of the robustness and transferability of the index to other areas. In comparison with commonly used indices, the defined index has the ability to detect a larger proportion of infested spruces in the green attack phase (60% against 20% for commonly used indices). This index confirms the high potential of the red-edge domain to distinguish infested spruces at an early stage. Overall, our index has great potential for forest preservation strategies aimed at the detection of infested spruces in order to mitigate the outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13224659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T07:43:09Z","timestamp":1637307789000},"page":"4659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mapping European Spruce Bark Beetle Infestation at Its Early Phase Using Gyrocopter-Mounted Hyperspectral Data and Field Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8878-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian M.","family":"Hellwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, L\u00f6bdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3097-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyna A.","family":"Stelmaszczuk-G\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, L\u00f6bdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, L\u00f6bdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Wolsza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, L\u00f6bdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6016-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina C.","family":"Truckenbrodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, L\u00f6bdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"German Aerospace Center, Citizen Science Department, Institute of Data Science, M\u00e4lzerstr. 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Sagichewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestal Research and Competency Center Gotha, Department of Digital Forest Information System, Th\u00fcringenForst, J\u00e4gerstr. 1, D-99867 Gotha, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sergej","family":"Chmara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestal Research and Competency Center Gotha, Department of Digital Forest Information System, Th\u00fcringenForst, J\u00e4gerstr. 1, D-99867 Gotha, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Bannehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Geoinformation and Surveying, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bauhaustr. 8, D-06846 Dessau-Ro\u00dflau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Lausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2014UFZ, Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schmullius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, L\u00f6bdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, October 21). 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