{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T16:15:27Z","timestamp":1740154527402,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010574","name":"China Academy of Space Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TKTSPY-2020-06-02"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010574","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008045","name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019r086"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"The Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) is a new platform, which is expected to advance current Earth radiation budget (ERB) research with better observations. For the instrument design of a MERO system, ascertaining the spatial resolution and sampling scheme is important. However, current knowledge about this is still limited. Here we proposed a simulation method for the MERO-measured Earth top of atmosphere (TOA) outgoing shortwave radiation (OSR) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) fluxes and constructed the \u201ctrue\u201d Earth TOA OSR and OLR fluxes based on the Clouds and Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data. Then we used them to reveal the effects of spatial resolution and temporal scheme (sampling interval and the temporal sampling sequence) on the measurement error of a MERO. Our results indicate that the spatial sampling error in the unit of percentage reduces linearly as the spatial resolution varies from 1000 km to 100 km; the rate is 2.5%\/100 km for the Earth TOA OSR flux, which is higher than that (1%\/100 km) of the TOA OLR flux. Besides, this rate becomes larger when the spatial resolution is finer than 40 km. It is also demonstrated that a sampling temporal sequence of starting time of 64 min with a sampling interval of 90 min is the optimal sampling scheme that results in the least temporal sampling error for the MERO system with a 40 km spatial resolution, note that this conclusion depends on the temporal resolution and quality of the data used to construct the \u201ctrue\u201d Earth TOA OSR and OLR fluxes. The proposed method and derived results in this study could facilitate the ascertainment of the optimal spatial resolution and sampling scheme of a MERO system under certain manufacturing budget and measurement error limit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T01:57:49Z","timestamp":1635991069000},"page":"4432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effect of Spatial Resolution and Temporal Sampling Schemes on the Measurement Error for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wentao","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingyun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibing","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5108-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuanggen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200030, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24672","article-title":"Greater future global warming inferred from Earth\u2019s recent energy budget","volume":"552","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1029\/RG024i002p00379","article-title":"The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment: Science and implementation","volume":"24","author":"Barkstrom","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev. 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