{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T13:49:36Z","timestamp":1726408176855},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"Coastal erosion at Saint Louis in Senegal is affecting the local population that consists of primarily fishermen communities in their housing and their access to the sea. This paper aims at quantifying urban beach erosion at Saint Louis, Senegal, West Africa which is located on the northern end of the 13 km long Langue de Barbarie sand spit. The coastal evolution is examined quantitatively over a yearly period using Pleiades sub-metric satellite imagery that allows for stereogrammetry to derive Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The comparison with ground truth data shows sub-metric differences to the satellite DEMs. Despite its interest in remote areas and developing countries that cannot count on regular surveys, the accuracy of the satellite-derived topography is in the same order as the coastal change itself, which emphasizes its current limitations. These 3D data are combined with decades-long regular Landsat and Sentinel-2 imagery derived shorelines. These observations reveal that the sand spit is stretching, narrowing at its Northern part while it is lengthening downdrift Southward, independently from climatological changes in the wave regime. A parametric model based on a stochastic cyclic sand spit behaviour allows for predicting the next northern opening of a breach and the urban erosion at Saint Louis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T15:28:41Z","timestamp":1624462121000},"page":"2454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Observing and Predicting Coastal Erosion at the Langue de Barbarie Sand Spit around Saint Louis (Senegal, West Africa) through Satellite-Derived Digital Elevation Model and Shoreline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6351-8091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9la\u00efde","family":"Taveneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, LEGOS (IRD\/CNRS\/CNES\/Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse), 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5842-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u00ebl","family":"Almar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, LEGOS (IRD\/CNRS\/CNES\/Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse), 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7638-1108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwin W. J.","family":"Bergsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 31400 Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Boubou Aldiouma","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leidi Laboratory, Department of Geography, Territorial Dynamics and Development, Gaston Berger University (UGB), SN-SL, Saint Louis 46024, Senegal"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Ndour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sedimentology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), SN-DK, Dakar 12500, Senegal"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Sadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sedimentology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), SN-DK, Dakar 12500, Senegal"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Garlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Hydrographique et Oc\u00e9anographique de la Marine (SHOM), 29240 Brest, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24630-6","article-title":"The state of world\u2019s beaches","volume":"8","author":"Luijendijk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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