{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T08:34:20Z","timestamp":1742805260044,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61571346","51805398"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"Superpixels group perceptually similar pixels into homogeneous sub-regions that act as meaningful features for advanced tasks. However, there is still a contradiction between color homogeneity and shape regularity in existing algorithms, which hinders their performance in further processing. In this work, a novel Contour Optimized Non-Iterative Clustering (CONIC) method is presented. It incorporates contour prior into the non-iterative clustering framework, aiming to provide a balanced trade-off between segmentation accuracy and visual uniformity. After the conventional grid sampling initialization, a regional inter-seed correlation is first established by the joint color-spatial-contour distance. It then guides a global redistribution of all seeds to modify the number and positions iteratively. This is done to avoid clustering falling into the local optimum and achieve the exact number of user-expectation. During the clustering process, an improved feature distance is elaborated to measure the color similarity that considers contour constraint and prevents the boundary pixels from being wrongly assigned. Consequently, superpixels acquire better visual quality and their boundaries are more consistent with the object contours. Experimental results show that CONIC performs as well as or even better than the state-of-the-art superpixel segmentation algorithms, in terms of both efficiency and segmentation effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T10:38:22Z","timestamp":1615459102000},"page":"1061","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CONIC: Contour Optimized Non-Iterative Clustering Superpixel Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3915-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Baolong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Jianglei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wangpeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, X., and Malik, J. 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