{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T16:13:45Z","timestamp":1740154425070,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]],"date-time":"2018-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["312231103"]},{"name":"the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration","award":["41676176"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004873","name":"Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41676182"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"Recent efforts have been made to monitor the seasonal metrics of plant canopy variations globally from space, using optical remote sensing. However, phenological estimations based on vegetation indices (VIs) in high-latitude regions such as the pan-Arctic remain challenging and are rarely validated. Nevertheless, pan-Arctic ecosystems are vulnerable and also crucial in the context of climate change. We reported the limitations and challenges of using MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements, a widely exploited set of satellite measurements, to estimate phenological transition dates in pan-Arctic regions. Four indices including normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), phenology index (PI), plant phenological index (PPI) and a MODIS Land Cover Dynamics Product MCD12Q2, were evaluated and compared against eddy covariance (EC) estimates at 11 flux sites of 102 site-years during the period from 2000 to 2014. All the indices were influenced by snow cover and soil moisture during the transition dates. While relationships existed between VI-based and EC-estimated phenological transition dates, the R2 values were generally low (0.01\u20130.68). Among the VIs, PPI-estimated metrics showed an inter-annual pattern that was mostly closely related to the EC-based estimations. Thus, further studies are needed to develop region-specific indices to provide more reliable estimates of phenological transition dates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T07:42:41Z","timestamp":1542181361000},"page":"1784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Limitations and Challenges of MODIS-Derived Phenological Metrics Across Different Landscapes in Pan-Arctic Regions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Siyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinchen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-6565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Joint Center for Global Change and China Green Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Xianglan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Joint Center for Global Change and China Green Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9940-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Peichl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Mammarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173004","article-title":"Phenology feedbacks on climate change","volume":"324","author":"Filella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15633","article-title":"Phenology: Spring greening in a warming world","volume":"526","author":"Keenan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4304","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5094304","article-title":"Trends in the Start of the Growing Season in Fennoscandia 1982\u20132011","volume":"5","author":"Hogda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote. 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