{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T10:57:23Z","timestamp":1705402643167},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program Foundation of Zhejiang","award":["2022C01079"]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U22A2004"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"Due to its flexible deployment and high mobility of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the UAV-assisted cognitive radio (CR) network has attracted a lot of attention as one of the most promising techniques to address spectrum congestion issues in futuristic networks. However, its performance can be severely affected by the blocked line-of-sight (LoS) channel in its air-to-ground (A2G) links. In this paper, we propose a UAV CR system enabled by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which helps to reconstruct reliable links in UAV-assisted cognitive radio (CR) networks. Our goal is to maximize the achievable rate of a secondary receiver (SR) through the proper selection of the UAV trajectory, transmit power, and RIS phase shifts based on a given interference temperature threshold and other practical constraints. In addition, we solve the corresponding non-convex optimization problem using block coordinate descent (BCD) and successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithms. The simulation results will demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info14020075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T15:19:28Z","timestamp":1675091968000},"page":"75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RIS-Enabled UAV Cognitive Radio Networks: Trajectory Design and Resource Allocation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4206-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Chengqun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Hwa","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4128","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3056154","article-title":"Aerial intelligent reflecting surface: Joint placement and passive beamforming design with 3d beam flattening","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2021.102505","article-title":"Green internet of things using uavs in b5g networks: A review of applications and strategies","volume":"117","author":"Alsamhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7872","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2931322","article-title":"Cognitive uav communication via joint maneuver and power control","volume":"67","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsamhi, S.H., Shvetsov, A.V., Kumar, S., Hassan, J., Alhartomi, M.A., Shvetsova, S.V., Sahal, R., and Hawbani, A. (2022). Computing in the sky: A survey on intelligent ubiquitous computing for uav-assisted 6g networks and industry 4.0\/5.0. Drones, 6, Available online: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2504-446X\/6\/7\/177.","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6070177"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3062283","article-title":"Uav-assisted secure communications in terrestrial cognitive radio networks: Joint power control and 3d trajectory optimization","volume":"70","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2020.3014208","article-title":"Resource allocation and trajectory design in uav-assisted jamming wideband cognitive radio networks","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2979977","article-title":"Robust trajectory and transmit power optimization for secure uav-enabled cognitive radio networks","volume":"68","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.839380","article-title":"Cognitive radio: Brain-empowered wireless communications","volume":"23","author":"Haykin","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/98.788210","article-title":"Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal","volume":"6","author":"Mitola","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2009.090109","article-title":"A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications","volume":"11","author":"Yucek","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2019.2963869","article-title":"A software defined radio cross-layer resource allocation approach for cognitive radio networks: From theory to practice","volume":"6","author":"Kakkavas","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cogn. Netw."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3033006","article-title":"Intelligent reflecting surface-assisted cognitive radio system","volume":"69","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2017.2776215","article-title":"Optimum placement of uav as relays","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2864420","article-title":"Flight time minimization of uav for data collection over wireless sensor networks","volume":"36","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8052","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2756644","article-title":"Wireless communication using unmanned aerial vehicles (uavs): Optimal transport theory for hover time optimization","volume":"16","author":"Mozaffari","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2012.2205629","article-title":"Build your own quadrotor: Open-source projects on unmanned aerial vehicles","volume":"19","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.2966705","article-title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted UAV communication: Joint trajectory design and passive beamforming","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7376","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3020838","article-title":"Resource allocation for irs-assisted full-duplex cognitive radio systems","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3047098","article-title":"Physics-based modeling and scalable optimization of large intelligent reflecting surfaces","volume":"69","author":"Najafi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3046107","article-title":"Rayleigh fading modeling and channel hardening for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces","volume":"10","author":"Sanguinetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94463","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995435","article-title":"Performance analysis of reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted wireless systems and comparison with relaying","volume":"8","author":"Boulogeorgos","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2922609","article-title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for energy efficiency in wireless communication","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3024887","article-title":"Wireless communications with reconfigurable intelligent surface: Path loss modeling and experimental measurement","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66564","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3185123","article-title":"Ris assisted triple-hop rf-fso convergent with uwoc system","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8016","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3175223","article-title":"A 3d wideband channel model for ris-assisted mimo communications","volume":"71","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2789293","article-title":"Joint trajectory and communication design for multi-UAV enabled wireless networks","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2961656","article-title":"Weighted sum power maximization for intelligent reflecting surface aided swipt","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3162580","article-title":"Power scaling law analysis and phase shift optimization of RIS-aided massive MIMO systems with statistical CSI","volume":"70","author":"Zhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd, S., Boyd, S.P., and Vandenberghe, L. (2004). Convex Optimization, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4983","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2611512","article-title":"Throughput maximization for UAV-enabled mobile relaying systems","volume":"64","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/14\/2\/75\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T10:11:07Z","timestamp":1677492667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/14\/2\/75"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["info14020075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info14020075","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]}}}