{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T14:40:18Z","timestamp":1737384018556,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant numbers 71673222 and 72064009"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013139","name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant number 15XJA790005"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program Project","award":["grant number 2020KW-029"]},{"name":"China Scholarship Council Funded Project","award":["grant number 202106300001"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"In recent years, extreme weather has frequently occurred worldwide and caused significant disasters, including large-scale forest fires, rare heat waves, heavy rains, floods, and tornadoes. Those have caused unprecedented losses of human lives and property in some countries, affecting the livelihoods of many people. Climate change and natural disasters are the two hotspots of scientific research today, and there is a certain degree of correlation between the two. Although countries worldwide have long known about climate change and its threats to human existence and have been discussing countermeasures, they have still not been able to carry out concerted and practical actions. The study takes Canada as an example, and selects six representative provinces to evaluate the temporal change characteristics of extreme temperature at different sites. We use MATLAB software to perform multiple linear regression, linear fitting methods, and Pearson correlation analysis to analyze spatial changes and time-space trends. The method studies the relationship between the emergence of extreme weather and climate change and uses the evolutionary game theory to explore whether there is any contradiction between global warming and extreme local cold. The study found: (i) The maximum temperature of most provinces in Canada will be constantly higher, and the minimum temperature will be lower. Generally speaking, the average temperature of each year is slowly decreasing. (ii) The average temperature data of British Columbia (Eastern Pacific) and Quebec (West Atlantic) show that ocean temperature has a specific effect on land temperature in surrounding areas. (iii) Pearson correlation analysis shows that the emergence of extreme weather is closely related to climate change. (iv) The evolution path of the two-party game shows that global warming and the occurrence of extreme local cold are not contradictory. Under the conditions, there is a certain degree of synchronization between the two, interacting and influencing each other.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11010021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T02:41:21Z","timestamp":1640918481000},"page":"21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Evaluation of Temporal and Spatial Trends of Global Warming and Extreme Ocean Surface Temperatures: A Case Study of Canada"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9848-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yameng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-9217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apurbo","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Khairul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Yingdong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Md. Shakhawat","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16467","article-title":"Influence of Extreme Weather Disasters on Global Crop Production","volume":"529","author":"Lesk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elahi, E., Khalid, Z., Tauni, M.Z., Zhang, H., and Lirong, X. (2021). Extreme Weather Events Risk to Crop-Production and the Adaptation of Innovative Management Strategies to Mitigate the Risk: A Retrospective Survey of Rural Punjab, Pakistan. 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