{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T16:32:48Z","timestamp":1720888368341},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"Modern irrigation systems utilize sensors and actuators, interconnected together as a single entity. In such entities, A.I. algorithms are implemented, which are responsible for the irrigation process. In this paper, the authors present an irrigation Open Watering System (OWS) architecture that spatially clusters the irrigation process into autonomous irrigation sections. Authors\u2019 OWS implementation includes a Neuro-Fuzzy decision algorithm called FITRA, which originates from the Greek word for seed. In this paper, the FITRA algorithm is described in detail, as are experimentation results that indicate significant water conservations from the use of the FITRA algorithm. Furthermore, the authors propose a new communication protocol over LoRa radio as an alternative low-energy and long-range OWS clusters communication mechanism. The experimental scenarios confirm that the FITRA algorithm provides more efficient irrigation on clustered areas than existing non-clustered, time scheduled or threshold adaptive algorithms. This is due to the FITRA algorithm\u2019s frequent monitoring of environmental conditions, fuzzy and neural network adaptation as well as adherence to past irrigation preferences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi9040078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T16:46:01Z","timestamp":1510073161000},"page":"78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Proposed Fuzzy-NN Algorithm with LoRaCommunication Protocol for Clustered Irrigation Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Kontogiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kokkonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, TEI of Western Macedonia, 51100 Grevena, Greece"}]},{"given":"Soultana","family":"Ellinidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Opera Department\u2014Wireless Communications Group, Universit\u00e9libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Valsamidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Accountancy, TEI of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO Corporate Document Repository (2017, October 15). 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