{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:56:05Z","timestamp":1740149765915,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["4222002","L202016","L211002"]},{"name":"Foundation of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["KM201910005026","KM202110005021"]},{"name":"Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology","award":["Z191100001119094"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61901011","62001011"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"With the rapid development of wireless sensor technology, recent progress in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) with energy harvesting provide the possibility for various real-time applications. Meanwhile, extensive research activities are carried out in the fields of efficient energy allocation and control strategy design. However, the joint design considering physical plant control, energy harvesting, and consumption is rarely concerned in existing works. In this paper, in order to enhance system control stability and promote quality of service for the WSAN energy efficiency, a novel three-step joint optimization algorithm is proposed through control strategy and energy management analysis. First, the optimal sampling interval can be obtained based on energy harvesting, consumption, and remaining conditions. Then, the control gain for each sampling interval is derived by using a backward iteration. Finally, the optimal control strategy is determined as a linear function of the current plant states and previous control strategies. The application of UAV formation flight system demonstrates that better system performance and control stability can be achieved by the proposed joint optimization design for all poor, sufficient, and general energy harvesting scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24050723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T16:25:57Z","timestamp":1652977557000},"page":"723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Joint Optimization of Control Strategy and Energy Consumption for Energy Harvesting WSAN"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2880-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}]},{"given":"Lihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-3964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5576-9883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}]},{"given":"Jingcheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2850220","article-title":"A review of computational intelligence techniques in wireless sensor and actuator networks","volume":"20","author":"Primeau","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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