{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T23:33:01Z","timestamp":1723073581847},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. VLDB Endow."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"JSON Schema is a schema language for JSON documents, based on a complex combination of structural operators, Boolean operators (negation included), and recursive variables. The static analysis of JSON Schema documents comprises practically relevant problems, including schema satisfiability, inclusion, and equivalence. These problems can be reduced to witness generation: given a schema, generate an element of the schema --- if it exists --- and report failure otherwise. Schema satisfiability, inclusion, and equivalence have been shown to be decidable. However, no witness generation algorithm has yet been formally described. We contribute a first, direct algorithm for JSON Schema witness generation, and study its effectiveness and efficiency in experiments over several schema collections, including thousands of real-world schemas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14778\/3565838.3565852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T23:09:56Z","timestamp":1674256196000},"page":"4002-4014","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Witness Generation for JSON Schema"],"prefix":"10.14778","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lyes","family":"Attouche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine"}]},{"given":"Mohamed-Amine","family":"Baazizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Colazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Ghelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Sartiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 della Basilicata"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Scherzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Passau"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"JSON Schema Faker. Available on GitHub at https:\/\/github.com\/json-schema-faker\/json-schema-faker and as an interactive tool at https:\/\/json-schema-faker.js.org. Retrieved","year":"2022","unstructured":"2022. JSON Schema Faker. Available on GitHub at https:\/\/github.com\/json-schema-faker\/json-schema-faker and as an interactive tool at https:\/\/json-schema-faker.js.org. Retrieved 19 September 2022 . 2022. JSON Schema Faker. Available on GitHub at https:\/\/github.com\/json-schema-faker\/json-schema-faker and as an interactive tool at https:\/\/json-schema-faker.js.org. Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"JSON schema validator. https:\/\/github.com\/networknt\/json-schema-validator Retrieved","year":"2022","unstructured":"2022. JSON schema validator. https:\/\/github.com\/networknt\/json-schema-validator Retrieved 19 September 2022 . 2022. JSON schema validator. https:\/\/github.com\/networknt\/json-schema-validator Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/github.com\/snowplow\/iglu-central, commit hash 726168e. Retrieved","author":"Analytics Snowplow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Snowplow Analytics . 2022. Iglu Central . https:\/\/github.com\/snowplow\/iglu-central, commit hash 726168e. Retrieved 19 September 2022 . Snowplow Analytics. 2022. Iglu Central. https:\/\/github.com\/snowplow\/iglu-central, commit hash 726168e. Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Dario Colazzo, Yunchen Ding, Michael Fruth, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger.","author":"Attouche Lyes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyes Attouche , Mohamed Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo, Yunchen Ding, Michael Fruth, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2021 . Reproduction package: A Test Suite for JSON Schema Containment . Available on Zenodo at https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/5336931#.YshD0XZBxD8 and maintained on GitHub at https:\/\/github.com\/sdbs-uni-p\/json-schema-containment-testsuite. Lyes Attouche, Mohamed Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Yunchen Ding, Michael Fruth, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2021. Reproduction package: A Test Suite for JSON Schema Containment. Available on Zenodo at https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/5336931#.YshD0XZBxD8 and maintained on GitHub at https:\/\/github.com\/sdbs-uni-p\/json-schema-containment-testsuite."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proc. ER","author":"Attouche Lyes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyes Attouche , Mohamed Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Yunchen Ding , Michael Fruth , Giorgio Ghelli , Carlo Sartiani , and Stefanie Scherzinger . 2021 . A Test Suite for JSON Schema Containment . In Proc. ER 2021. 19--24. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2958\/paper4.pdf Lyes Attouche, Mohamed Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Yunchen Ding, Michael Fruth, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2021. A Test Suite for JSON Schema Containment. In Proc. ER 2021. 19--24. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2958\/paper4.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proc. EDBT 2021","author":"Attouche Lyes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyes Attouche , Mohamed Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Francesco Falleni , Giorgio Ghelli , Cristiano Landi , Carlo Sartiani , and Stefanie Scherzinger . 2021 . A Tool for JSON Schema Witness Generation . In Proc. EDBT 2021 . 694--697. Tool Demo. 10.5441\/002\/edbt. 2021.86 Lyes Attouche, Mohamed Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Francesco Falleni, Giorgio Ghelli, Cristiano Landi, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2021. A Tool for JSON Schema Witness Generation. In Proc. EDBT 2021. 694--697. Tool Demo. 10.5441\/002\/edbt.2021.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proc. Actes de la conf\u00e9rence BDA. Informal proceedings.","author":"Attouche Lyes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyes Attouche , Mohamed-Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Francesco Falleni , Giorgio Ghelli , Cristiano Landi , Carlo Sartiani , and Stefanie Scherzinger . 2021 . Un Outil de G\u00e9n\u00e9ration de T\u00e9moins pour les sch\u00e9mas JSON A Tool for JSON Schema Witness Generation . In Proc. Actes de la conf\u00e9rence BDA. Informal proceedings. Lyes Attouche, Mohamed-Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Francesco Falleni, Giorgio Ghelli, Cristiano Landi, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2021. Un Outil de G\u00e9n\u00e9ration de T\u00e9moins pour les sch\u00e9mas JSON A Tool for JSON Schema Witness Generation. In Proc. Actes de la conf\u00e9rence BDA. Informal proceedings."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7106750"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger","author":"Attouche Lyes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyes Attouche , Mohamed-Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Giorgio Ghelli , Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger . 2022 . Witness Generation for JSON Schema. arXiv:2202.12849 [cs.DB] Accompanying technical report available online at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.12849. Lyes Attouche, Mohamed-Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2022. Witness Generation for JSON Schema. arXiv:2202.12849 [cs.DB] Accompanying technical report available online at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.12849."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proc. EDBT. 437--439","author":"Baazizi Mohamed Amine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohamed Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Giorgio Ghelli , and Carlo Sartiani . 2019 . Schemas And Types For JSON Data . In Proc. EDBT. 437--439 . Mohamed Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Giorgio Ghelli, and Carlo Sartiani. 2019. Schemas And Types For JSON Data. In Proc. EDBT. 437--439."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proc. SIGMOD Conference. 2060--2063","author":"Baazizi Mohamed Amine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohamed Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Giorgio Ghelli , and Carlo Sartiani . 2019 . Schemas and Types for JSON Data: From Theory to Practice . In Proc. SIGMOD Conference. 2060--2063 . Mohamed Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Giorgio Ghelli, and Carlo Sartiani. 2019. Schemas and Types for JSON Data: From Theory to Practice. In Proc. SIGMOD Conference. 2060--2063."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proc. Actes de la conf\u00e9rence BDA. Informal proceedings, article available online at https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-03190106\/document.","author":"Baazizi Mohamed-Amine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohamed-Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Giorgio Ghelli , Carlo Sartiani , and Stefanie Scherzinger . 2020 . Not Elimination and Witness Generation for JSON Schema . In Proc. Actes de la conf\u00e9rence BDA. Informal proceedings, article available online at https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-03190106\/document. Mohamed-Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2020. Not Elimination and Witness Generation for JSON Schema. In Proc. Actes de la conf\u00e9rence BDA. Informal proceedings, article available online at https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-03190106\/document."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.5141199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger","author":"Baazizi Mohamed-Amine","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohamed-Amine Baazizi , Dario Colazzo , Giorgio Ghelli , Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger . 2022 . Negation-Closure for JSON Schema. arXiv:2202.13434 [cs.DB] Accompanying technical report, available online https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.13434. Mohamed-Amine Baazizi, Dario Colazzo, Giorgio Ghelli, Carlo Sartiani, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2022. Negation-Closure for JSON Schema. arXiv:2202.13434 [cs.DB] Accompanying technical report, available online https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2202.13434."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proc. KDD Workshop on Automation in Machine Learning (AutoML@KDD). Computing Research Repository abs\/2007","author":"Baudart Guillaume","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guillaume Baudart , Martin Hirzel , Kiran Kate , Parikshit Ram , and Avraham Shinnar . 2020 . LALE: Consistent Automated Machine Learning , In Proc. KDD Workshop on Automation in Machine Learning (AutoML@KDD). Computing Research Repository abs\/2007 .01977. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2007.01977 Guillaume Baudart, Martin Hirzel, Kiran Kate, Parikshit Ram, and Avraham Shinnar. 2020. LALE: Consistent Automated Machine Learning, In Proc. KDD Workshop on Automation in Machine Learning (AutoML@KDD). Computing Research Repository abs\/2007.01977. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2007.01977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Jim\n Blackler\n . 2022. \n JSON\n Generator\n .\n Available at https:\/\/github.com\/jimblackler\/jsongenerator. Retrieved 19 \n September\n 2022\n . Jim Blackler. 2022. JSON Generator. Available at https:\/\/github.com\/jimblackler\/jsongenerator. Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proc. PODS. 123--135","author":"Bourhis Pierre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pierre Bourhis , Juan L. Reutter , Fernando Su\u00e1rez , and Domagoj Vrgoc . 2017 . JSON: Data model, Query languages and Schema specification . In Proc. PODS. 123--135 . 10.1145\/3034786.3056120 Pierre Bourhis, Juan L. Reutter, Fernando Su\u00e1rez, and Domagoj Vrgoc. 2017. JSON: Data model, Query languages and Schema specification. In Proc. PODS. 123--135. 10.1145\/3034786.3056120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1986.1676819"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Hubert Comon Max Dauchet R\u00e9mi Gilleron Florent Jacquemard Denis Lugiez Christof L\u00f6ding Sophie Tison and Marc Tommasi. 2008. Tree Automata Techniques and Applications. 262 pages. Available online at https:\/\/hal.inria.fr\/hal-03367725\/file\/tata.pdf. Hubert Comon Max Dauchet R\u00e9mi Gilleron Florent Jacquemard Denis Lugiez Christof L\u00f6ding Sophie Tison and Marc Tommasi. 2008. Tree Automata Techniques and Applications. 262 pages. Available online at https:\/\/hal.inria.fr\/hal-03367725\/file\/tata.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"jsonsubschema. https:\/\/github.com\/IBM\/jsonsubschema Retrieved","author":"IBM Corp. 2021.","year":"2022","unstructured":"IBM Corp. 2021. jsonsubschema. https:\/\/github.com\/IBM\/jsonsubschema Retrieved 19 September 2022 . IBM Corp. 2021. jsonsubschema. https:\/\/github.com\/IBM\/jsonsubschema Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proc. SEA-Data@VLDB (CEUR Workshop Proceedings)","volume":"2929","author":"Fruth Michael","year":"2021","unstructured":"Michael Fruth , Kai Dauberschmidt , and Stefanie Scherzinger . 2021 . New Workflows in NoSQL Schema Management . In Proc. SEA-Data@VLDB (CEUR Workshop Proceedings) , Vol. 2929 . CEUR-WS.org, 38--39. Michael Fruth, Kai Dauberschmidt, and Stefanie Scherzinger. 2021. New Workflows in NoSQL Schema Management. In Proc. SEA-Data@VLDB (CEUR Workshop Proceedings), Vol. 2929. CEUR-WS.org, 38--39."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proc. ISSTA. 620--632","author":"Habib Andrew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andrew Habib , Avraham Shinnar , Martin Hirzel , and Michael Pradel . 2021 . Finding Data Compatibility Bugs with JSON Subschema Checking . In Proc. ISSTA. 620--632 . 10.1145\/3460319.3464796 Andrew Habib, Avraham Shinnar, Martin Hirzel, and Michael Pradel. 2021. Finding Data Compatibility Bugs with JSON Subschema Checking. In Proc. ISSTA. 620--632. 10.1145\/3460319.3464796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Kubernetes. 2022. Kubernetes JSON Schemas. https:\/\/github.com\/instrumenta\/kubernetes-json-schema commit hash 133f848. Kubernetes. 2022. Kubernetes JSON Schemas. https:\/\/github.com\/instrumenta\/kubernetes-json-schema commit hash 133f848."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"dk.brics.automaton - Finite-State Automata and Regular Expressions for Java.","author":"M\u00f8ller Anders","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anders M\u00f8ller . 2021. dk.brics.automaton - Finite-State Automata and Regular Expressions for Java. Available at https:\/\/www.brics.dk\/automaton\/. Retrieved 19 September 2022 . Anders M\u00f8ller. 2021. dk.brics.automaton - Finite-State Automata and Regular Expressions for Java. Available at https:\/\/www.brics.dk\/automaton\/. Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"JSON Schema Test Suite. https:\/\/github.com\/json-schema-org\/JSON-Schema-Test-Suite. Retrieved","author":"Schema Org JSON","year":"2022","unstructured":"JSON Schema Org . 2022. JSON Schema Test Suite. https:\/\/github.com\/json-schema-org\/JSON-Schema-Test-Suite. Retrieved 19 September 2022 . JSON Schema Org. 2022. JSON Schema Test Suite. https:\/\/github.com\/json-schema-org\/JSON-Schema-Test-Suite. Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proc. WWW. 263--273","author":"Pezoa Felipe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Felipe Pezoa , Juan L. Reutter , Fernando Su\u00e1rez , Mart\u00edn Ugarte , and Domagoj Vrgoc . 2016 . Foundations of JSON Schema . In Proc. WWW. 263--273 . Felipe Pezoa, Juan L. Reutter, Fernando Su\u00e1rez, Mart\u00edn Ugarte, and Domagoj Vrgoc. 2016. Foundations of JSON Schema. In Proc. WWW. 263--273."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"ans-schema. https:\/\/github.com\/washingtonpost\/ans-schema, commit hash abdd6c211. Retrieved","author":"Post The Washington","year":"2022","unstructured":"The Washington Post . 2022. ans-schema. https:\/\/github.com\/washingtonpost\/ans-schema, commit hash abdd6c211. Retrieved 19 September 2022 . The Washington Post. 2022. ans-schema. https:\/\/github.com\/washingtonpost\/ans-schema, commit hash abdd6c211. Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/vahidi\/jdd\/src\/master\/ Retrieved","author":"Vahidi Arash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arash Vahidi . 2020. JDD. https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/vahidi\/jdd\/src\/master\/ Retrieved 19 September 2022 . Arash Vahidi. 2020. JDD. https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/vahidi\/jdd\/src\/master\/ Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"A. Wright H. Andrews and B. Hutton. 2019. JSON Schema Validation: A Vocabulary for Structural Validation of JSON - draft-handrews-json-schema-validation-02. Technical Report. Internet Engineering Task Force. https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/draft-handrews-json-schema-validation-02 Retrieved 19 September 2022. A. Wright H. Andrews and B. Hutton. 2019. JSON Schema Validation: A Vocabulary for Structural Validation of JSON - draft-handrews-json-schema-validation-02. Technical Report. Internet Engineering Task Force. https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/draft-handrews-json-schema-validation-02 Retrieved 19 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"A. Wright G. Luff and H. Andrews. 2017. JSON Schema Validation: A Vocabulary for Structural Validation of JSON - draft-wright-json-schema-validation-01. Technical Report. Internet Engineering Task Force. https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/draft-wright-json-schema-validation-01 Retrieved 19 September 2022. A. Wright G. Luff and H. Andrews. 2017. JSON Schema Validation: A Vocabulary for Structural Validation of JSON - draft-wright-json-schema-validation-01. Technical Report. Internet Engineering Task Force. https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/draft-wright-json-schema-validation-01 Retrieved 19 September 2022."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.14778\/3565838.3565852","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T23:14:50Z","timestamp":1674256490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.14778\/3565838.3565852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14778\/3565838.3565852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3565838.3565852","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-8097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-8097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}