{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:13:47Z","timestamp":1722989627855},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v1#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["780354","780326"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Opt. Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"To cope with the dynamic datacenter (DC) traffic matrix generated by multiple applications, load balancing algorithms can be deployed to improve the datacenter network (DCN) performance. OPSquare, as a promising optical DCN architecture, adopts fast optical switches to provide high bandwidth, low latency, large scalability, and cost and energy efficiency. Current load balancing algorithms are not optimal for improving the network performance of an OPSquare DCN. To optimize the network performance of OPSquare, a dedicated load balancing algorithm considering the peculiarity of OPSquare should be addressed. Moreover, network virtualization in today\u2019s data DC creates new heterogeneous traffic patterns different from what so far have been reported in the literature. A synthetic virtualized DC traffic model is needed to properly evaluate the performance of the load balancing algorithms. In this paper, we provide a synthetic traffic model by capturing the traffic traces of the virtualized DC applications running in a DC. The captured traffic model is used in the simulator to quantitatively evaluate the network performance of an OPSquare DCN. Then we propose and evaluate the lowest path buffer (LPB) algorithm to optimize the OPSquare DCN performance. LPB considers the buffer occupation in the whole path (from the source to the destination) rather than the local buffer occupation. The network performance improvements of LPB are demonstrated under different central controller update periods, traffic destination distributions, and network sizes. Compared with the round-robin, DRILL, and LocalFlow load balancing algorithms, LPB could achieve 23.7%, 46%, and 32.1% less latency, respectively. Besides, LPB provides lower packet loss in comparison with round-robin, DRILL, and LocalFlow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/jocn.394023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T14:30:08Z","timestamp":1591021808000},"page":"239","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Load balance algorithm for an OPSquare datacenter network under real application traffic"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-2538","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fulong","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xuwei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3461-2075","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bitao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jingyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shaojuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Khani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Guelbenzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Calabretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1145\/1851182.1851222","article-title":"c-Through: part-time optics in data centers","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 Conference","author":"Wang","year":"2010"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1145\/1851182.1851223","article-title":"Helios: a hybrid electrical\/optical switch architecture for modular data centers","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 Conference","author":"Farrington","year":"2010"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2013.6678922","volume":"27","author":"Perell\u00f3","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.9.000291","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B1","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.10.0000B1","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2018.W2A.23","article-title":"FOScube: a scalable data center network architecture based on multiple parallel networks and fast optical switches","volume-title":"European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","author":"Yan","year":"2018"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1364\/JON.3.000900","volume":"3","author":"Hemenway","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Opt. Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1145\/1592568.1592577","article-title":"BCube: a high performance, server-centric network architecture for modular data centers","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 Conference on Data Communication","author":"Guo","year":"2009"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1984.1676437","volume":"C33","author":"Bhuyan","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2011.OTuM3","article-title":"Flexible and grid-less wavelength selective switch using LCOS technology","volume-title":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference","author":"Frisken","year":"2011"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2782753","volume":"20","author":"Noormohammadpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2015.2434879","volume":"24","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2016.7437025","volume":"30","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1145\/2535372.2535397","article-title":"Scalable, optimal flow routing in datacenters via local link balancing","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies\u2014CoNEXT \u201913","author":"Sen","year":"2013"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R18","first-page":"89","article-title":"Hedera: dynamic flow scheduling for data center networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Network Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Al-Fares","year":"2010"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R19","first-page":"51","article-title":"VL2: a scalable and flexible data center network","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 Conference on Data Communication","author":"Greenberg","year":"2010"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R20","first-page":"57","article-title":"Towards a next generation data center architecture: scalability and commoditization","volume-title":"SIGCOMM 2008 Conference and the Co-located Workshops\u2014PRESTO\u201908: Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Programmable Routers for Extensible Services of Tomorrow","author":"Greenberg","year":"2008"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2079296.2079304","article-title":"MicroTE: fine grained traffic engineering for data centers","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies\u2014CoNEXT \u201911","author":"Benson","year":"2011"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098839","article-title":"DRILL: micro load balancing for low-latency data center networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication\u2014SIGCOMM \u201917","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2017"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787507","article-title":"Presto: edge-based load balancing for fast datacenter networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication\u2014SIGCOMM \u201915","author":"He","year":"2015"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1145\/2740070.2626316","volume":"44","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1145\/1232919.1232925","volume":"37","author":"Kandula","year":"2007","journal-title":"SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2535372.2535375","article-title":"Per-packet load-balanced, low-latency routing for Clos-based data center networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies\u2014CoNEXT \u201913","author":"Cao","year":"2013"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R27","first-page":"416","volume":"4","author":"Samal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R33","article-title":"10 Gbit line rate packet-to-disk using n2disk","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM","author":"Deri","year":"2013"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/90.282603","volume":"2","author":"Leland","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879175","article-title":"Network traffic characteristics of data centers in the wild","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement","author":"Benson","year":"2010"},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1145\/1672308.1672325","volume":"40","author":"Benson","year":"2010","journal-title":"SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"jocn-12-8-239-R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1644893.1644918","article-title":"The nature of datacenter traffic: measurements & analysis","volume-title":"IMC \u201909: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference","author":"Kandula","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of Optical Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=jocn-12-8-239&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T19:25:01Z","timestamp":1722972301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=jocn-12-8-239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/jocn.394023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-0620","1943-0639"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1943-0620"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-0639"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOCN.394023","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"30 March 2020","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"31 May 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"6 July 2020","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Optical Society of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}