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Opt. Commun. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"To better provision fast-emerging network applications with various quality-of-service demands, datacenter network (DCN) operators need an effective network orchestration scheme that can coordinate IT and bandwidth resources for differentiated services in a timely manner. In this work, we consider a hybrid optical\u2013electrical DCN (HOE-DCN) and study how to achieve scalable knowledge-defined network orchestration (KD-NO) for managing the delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant applications in it. For delay-sensitive applications, we leverage a multi-agent scheme to distribute the tasks of placing virtual machines (VMs) in server racks and routing VM traffic in electrical\u2013optical inter-rack clouds to two cooperative deep reinforcement learning modules, respectively. Then, we utilize a classic-algorithm-based module to provision delay-tolerant applications with the residual resources in the HOE-DCN. We design the operation and coordination procedure of the KD-NO system and build a small HOE-DCN testbed that consists of four server racks to demonstrate its performance experimentally. Experimental results indicate that our KD-NO system can make timely and correct network orchestration decisions and have better convergence performance compared with the existing benchmark.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/jocn.12.00a113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T16:22:26Z","timestamp":1573143746000},"page":"A113","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Scalable knowledge-defined orchestration for hybrid optical\u2013electrical datacenter networks [Invited]"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qinhezi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hongqiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Deyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianquan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4251-788X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zuqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"jocn-12-2-A113-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2015.7293303","volume":"29","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"jocn-12-2-A113-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2012.271","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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