{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T09:50:30Z","timestamp":1744192230712,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519776000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1087363"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"Background:<\/ns4:bold> Health technology assessment (HTA) provides a globally-accepted and structured approach to synthesising evidence for cost and clinical effectiveness alongside ethical and equity considerations to inform evidence-based priorities. India is one of the most recent countries to formally commit to institutionalising HTA as an integral component of the heath resource allocation decision-making process. The effective conduct of HTA depends on the availability of reliable data. \u00a0<\/ns4:p> Methods<\/ns4:bold>: We draw from our experience of collecting, synthesizing, and analysing health-related datasets in India and internationally, to highlight the complex requirements for undertaking HTA, and explore the availability of such data in India. We first outlined each of the core data components required for the conduct of HTA, and their availability in India, drawing attention to where data can be accessed, and different ways in which researchers can overcome the challenges of missing or low quality data.<\/ns4:p> Results<\/ns4:bold>: We grouped data into the following categories: clinical efficacy; cost; epidemiology; quality of life; service use\/consumption; and equity. We identified numerous large local data sources containing epidemiological information. There was a marked absence of other locally-collected data necessary for informing HTA, particularly data relating to cost, service use, and quality of life.<\/ns4:p> Conclusions: <\/ns4:bold>The introduction of HTA into the health policy space in India provides an opportunity to comprehensively assess the availability and quality of health data capture across the country. While epidemiological information is routinely collected across India, other data inputs necessary for HTA are not readily available. This poses a significant bottleneck to the efficient generation and deployment of HTA into the health decision space. Overcoming these data gaps by strengthening the routine collection of comprehensive and verifiable health data will have important implications not only for embedding economic analyses into the priority setting process, but for strengthening the health system as a whole.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14041.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T12:05:10Z","timestamp":1519819510000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Identification of publicly available data sources to inform the conduct of Health Technology Assessment in India"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Downey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neethi","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna","family":"Guinness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miqdad","family":"Asaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shankar","family":"Prinja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rajni","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francoise","family":"Cluzeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kalipso","family":"Chalkidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462-467","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.155721","article-title":"Priority-setting for achieving universal health coverage.","volume":"94","author":"K Chalkidou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283-291","DOI":"10.2217\/cer.13.12","article-title":"Priority setting for health in emerging markets.","volume":"2","author":"A Glassman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Comp Eff Res."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13-34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2012.01.007","article-title":"Priority-setting institutions in health: recommendations from a center for global development working group.","volume":"7","author":"A Glassman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global heart."},{"year":"2014","key":"ref-4","article-title":"Health Intervention and Technology Assessment in WHO"},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25-45","DOI":"10.1017\/S1744133111000296","article-title":"Reflections on the evolution of health technology assessment in Europe.","volume":"7","author":"C Sorenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Econ Policy Law."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31-5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00624.x","article-title":"The current capacity and future development of economic evaluation for policy decision-making: a survey among researchers and decision-makers in Thailand.","volume":"12","author":"U Chaikledkaew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241-252","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462309090709","article-title":"Historical development of health technology assessment in Thailand.","volume":"25","author":"Y Teerawattananon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739-740","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJnew.8584","article-title":"National Health Insurance in South Africa: Relevance of a national priority-setting agency.","volume":"105","author":"K Hofman","year":"2015","journal-title":"S Afr Med J."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162-178","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3301","article-title":"Development of a health screening package under the universal health coverage: the role of health technology assessment.","volume":"25","author":"Y Teerawattananon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Econ."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4-5","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2016.v106i6.10953","article-title":"Health financing lessons from Thailand for South Africa on the path towards universal health coverage.","volume":"106","author":"M Blecher","year":"2016","journal-title":"S Afr Med J."},{"year":"2015","key":"ref-11","article-title":"WHO Consultation on Using Health Technology Assessment for Universal Health Coverage and reimbursement systems"},{"key":"ref-12","article-title":"Para 20.194, 12th5-year plan (2012\u20132017), Social Sectors"},{"year":"2017","key":"ref-13","article-title":"India Action Plan - 2017 \u2013 2020"},{"year":"2017","key":"ref-14","article-title":"National Health Policy"},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000259","article-title":"Institutionalising health technology assessment: establishing the Medical Technology Assessment Board in India.","volume":"2","author":"L Downey","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244-58","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462308080343","article-title":"Key principles for the improved conduct of health technology assessments for resource allocation decisions.","volume":"24","author":"M Drummond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361-422","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462302000284","article-title":"Best practice in undertaking and reporting health technology assessments.","volume":"18","author":"R Busse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119-31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70547-3","article-title":"Evidence-informed frameworks for cost-effective cancer care and prevention in low, middle, and high-income countries.","volume":"15","author":"K Chalkidou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7-13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.10.007","article-title":"Assessing the added value of health technologies: reconciling different perspectives.","volume":"16","author":"M Drummond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921-928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.04.015","article-title":"The international decision support initiative reference case for economic evaluation: an aid to thought.","volume":"19","author":"T Wilkinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Value Health."},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7-22","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3564","article-title":"Valuing health-related quality of life: An EQ-5D-5L value set for England.","volume":"27","author":"N Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Econ."},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505-515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61894-6","article-title":"Health care and equity in India.","volume":"377","author":"Y Balarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142-149","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.99907","article-title":"Universal health insurance in India: ensuring equity, efficiency, and quality.","volume":"37","author":"S Prinja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med."},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422-2435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00955-1","article-title":"Assuring health coverage for all in India.","volume":"386","author":"V Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"year":"2018","key":"ref-25","article-title":"Heathy States: Progressive India"},{"key":"ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83-93","DOI":"10.1007\/s40290-013-0009-3","article-title":"Challenges in Administering a Clinical Trials Registry: Lessons from the Clinical Trials Registry-India.","volume":"27","author":"A Pandey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm Med."},{"journal-title":"All Trials.","article-title":"Joint statement on public disclosure of results from clinical trials.","year":"2017","key":"ref-27"},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195-198","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-015-0605-2","article-title":"Building capacity of Indian scientists to conduct systematic reviews in child health: an ICMR initiative.","volume":"52","author":"A Sinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437-2460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32804-0","article-title":"Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990\u20132016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study.","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10-21","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.153585","article-title":"Estimating mortality using data from civil registration: a cross-sectional study in India.","volume":"94","author":"M Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"journal-title":"Spec Rep Ser Indian Counc Med Res.","article-title":"Study on Causes of Death' ' by Verbal Autopsy in India.","year":"2009","key":"ref-31"},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887-1895","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0635","article-title":"Nationwide Mortality Studies To Quantify Causes Of Death: Relevant Lessons From India\u2019s Million Death Study.","volume":"36","author":"M Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"key":"ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972-1980","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32162-1","article-title":"Changes in cause-specific neonatal and 1-59-month child mortality in India from 2000 to 2015: a nationally representative survey.","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282-288","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1075.164896","article-title":"Validation of the EuroQol Five-dimensions - Three-Level Quality of Life Instrument in a Classical Indian Language (Odia) and Its Use to Assess Quality of Life and Health Status of Cancer Patients in Eastern India.","volume":"21","author":"S Tripathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care."},{"key":"ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767-779","DOI":"10.2165\/11314120-000000000-00000","article-title":"Utilities of the EQ-5D: transferable or not?","volume":"27","author":"S Knies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics."},{"key":"ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83-92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.03.053","article-title":"Extending health insurance to the poor in India: An impact evaluation of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana on out of pocket spending for healthcare.","volume":"181","author":"A Karan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2015.00282","article-title":"Study of Awareness, Enrollment, and Utilization of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (National Health Insurance Scheme) in Maharashtra, India.","volume":"3","author":"H Thakur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2466028","article-title":"The Political Economy of Bad Data: Evidence from African Survey & Administrative Statistics.","author":"J Sandefur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Centre Global Development [Internet]."},{"key":"ref-39","article-title":"Third National family health survey in india: issues, Problems and Prospects.","volume":"43","author":"S Rajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Econ Polit Wkly."},{"key":"ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792-1799","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0588","article-title":"India\u2019s Largest Hospital Insurance Program Faces Challenges In Using Claims Data To Measure Quality.","volume":"35","author":"M Morton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."}],"updated-by":[{"updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524009600000},"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14041.2","type":"new_version","source":"publisher","label":"New version"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T06:28:44Z","timestamp":1544077724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.14041.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15265.r31325","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15265.r31324","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2046-1402"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Approved, Approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.15265.r31325, Malaisamy Muniyandi, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis(NIRT), Chennai, India, 16 Mar 2018, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1#referee-response-31325","order":0,"name":"referee-response-31325","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Laura Downey<\/b>; \nPosted: 13 Apr 2018<\/i>; We thank the reviewer for their insightful comments. In order to address the specific comments made by the reviewer, we have made an amendment to include the following paragraph under service-use\/ consumption:\nData regarding uptake of services for particular conditions is also collected by government-sponsored vertical programs, such as the <\/i>\nNational Aids Control Organization (NACO<\/i>\n), and the <\/i>\nNational Program for the Control of Tuberculosis<\/i>\n. HTA researchers should consult the <\/i>\nMinistry of Health and Family Welfare website<\/i>\n, and individual program websites for their topic area of interest to check whether additional service use information is available<\/i>.We endeavored to explore the additional data sources suggested by the reviewer, including \u2018Data from academic institutions like IIT\u2019, however we were unable to identify publicly-available HTA-relevant data sources from these institutions. As such, we have not made reference to these sources in the paper amendment. We hope this is acceptable to the reviewer. We would also like to clarify that throughout the paper we refer to the \u2018public sector\u2019, meaning government-sponsored institutions, and the \u2018private sector\u2019, of which we mean all non-government organisations, including private not-for profit and private for-profit institutions. We hope that this addresses the reviewers point regarding referring to the data captured by non-government organisations.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1#referee-comment-3589","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-3589","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.15265.r31324, Rakesh Kumar Srivastava, Kavita Kachroo, Wadhwani Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare (WISH) Foundation, New Delhi, India, 10 Apr 2018, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1#referee-response-31324","order":2,"name":"referee-response-31324","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Laura Downey<\/b>; \nPosted: 13 Apr 2018<\/i>; We thank the reviewers for their insightful comments. In order to address the specific comments made by the reviewers, we have made the following amendments: Restructured the costing section of the paper by splitting the section into patient expenditure and service delivery costs. Amended the introduction to the cost database paragraph to reflect the fact that no single cost database of this kind exists in India, and hence there is an important need to develop this kind of publicly available resource. The cited database that is presently being developed by PGIMER Chandigarh is intended to fill this important resource gap, and stimulate further research in this area in India. Restructured the conclusion to clearly summarise the key findings of the paper and their significance to the institutionalisation of HTA in India We would like to clarify that the reference to the international decision support initiative (iDS) was highlighted because of the research that this consortium supports in the area of HTA in India. We have removed the specific reference to this as per the reviewer's request so as not to confuse readers by singling out a single initiative. ","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-245\/v1#referee-comment-3590","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-3590","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1087363]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}