乐胖代购免代理版

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T23:52:20Z","timestamp":1725407540339},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6800,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"abstract":"An approach to connectionist natural language processing is proposed, which is based on hierarchically organized modular parallel distributed processing (PDP) networks and a central lexicon of distributed input\/output representations. The modules communicate using these representations, which are global and publicly available in the system. The representations are developed automatically by all networks while they are learning their processing tasks. The resulting representations reflect the regularities in the subtasks, which facilitates robust processing in the face of noise and damage, supports improved generalization, and provides expectations about possible contexts. The lexicon can be extended by cloning new instances of the items, that is, by generating a number of items with known processing properties and distinct identities. This technique combinatorially increases the processing power of the system. The recurrent FGREP module, together with a central lexicon, is used as a basic building block in modeling higher level natural language tasks. A single module is used to form case\u2010role representations of sentences from word\u2010by\u2010word sequential natural language input. A hierarchical organization of four recurrent FGREP modules (the DISPAR system) is trained to produce fully expanded paraphrases of script\u2010based stories, where unmentioned events and role fillers are inferred.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]],"date-time":"2005-07-05T19:33:44Z","timestamp":1120592024000},"page":"343-399","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Natural Language Processing With Modular Pdp Networks and Distributed Lexicon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Risto","family":"Miikkulainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-7051(90)90003-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Ballard D.H.(1987).Modular learning in neural networks. InProceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Mateo CA :Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(79)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"Brousse O.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Rule\u2010based expert systems: The MYCIN experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project","author":"Buchanan B.G.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Cullingford R.E.(1978).Script application: Computer understanding of newspaper stories(Tech. Rep. No. 116;Doctoral dissertation). New Haven CT :Yale University Department of Computer Science."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"DeJong G.F.(1979).Skimming stories in real time: An experiment in integrated understanding(Tech. Rep. No. 158;Doctoral dissertation). New Haven CT :Yale University Department of Computer Science."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Dolan C.P.(1989).Tensor manipulation networks: Connectionist and symbolic approaches to comprehension learning and planning(Tech. Rep. No. UCLA\u2010AI\u201089\u201006;Doctoral dissertation). Los Angeles :University of California Los Angeles Computer Science Department."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School","author":"Dolan C.P.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Development of a computer\u2010based consultant for mineral exploration","author":"Duda R.O.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3697.001.0001","volume-title":"In\u2010depth understanding: A computer model of integrated processing for narrative comprehension","author":"Dyer M.G.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Advances in connectionist and neural computation theory","author":"Dyer M.G.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence","author":"Dyer M.G.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elman J.L.(1989).Structured representations and connectionist models. InProceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA259504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1402_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Neural connections, mental computation","author":"Feldman J.A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Fellenz C.B.(1989).A connectionist model of linguistic analysis.Unpublished master's thesis California State University Chico ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Universals in Linguistic Theory","author":"Fillmore C.J.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(90)90087-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"Harris C.L.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Clustering algorithms","author":"Hartigan J.A.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Parallel models for associative memory","author":"Hinton G.E.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"Hinton G.E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10034-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Task decomposition through competition in a modular connectionist architecture","author":"Jacobs R.A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"A connectionist architecture for sequential symbolic domains","author":"Jain A.N.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Jordan M.I.(1986).Attractor dynamics and parallelism in a connectionist sequential machine. InProceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Self\u2010organization and associative memory","author":"Kohonen T.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90051-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Lee G.(1991).Distributed semantic representations for the goal\/plan analysis of narratives in a connectionist architecture(Tech. Rep. No. UCLA\u2010AI\u201091\u201003;Doctoral dissertation). Los Angeles :University of California Los Angeles Computer Science Department."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 2: Psychological and biological models","author":"McClelland J.L.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations","author":"McClelland J.L.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Miikkulainen R.(1990a).DISCERN: A distributed artificial neural network model of script processing and memory(Tech. Rep. No. UCLA\u2010AI\u201090\u201005;Doctoral dissertation). Los Angeles :University of California Los Angeles Computer Science Department."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Miikkulainen R.(1990b).A distributed feature map model of the lexicon. InProceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miikkulainen R.(1990c).A PDP architecture for processing sentences with relative clauses. InH.Karlgren(Ed.) Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Helsinki Finland :Yliopistopaino.","DOI":"10.3115\/991146.991182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540099008915664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Building distributed representations without microfeatures","author":"Miikkulainen R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miikkulainen R. &Dyer M.G.(1988).Forming global representations with extended back\u2010propagation. InProceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks. Piscataway NJ :IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1988.23859"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School","author":"Miikkulainen R.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miikkulainen R. &Dyer M.G.(1989b).A modular neural network architecture for sequential paraphrasing of script\u2010based stories. InProceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Piscataway NJ :IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1989.118677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Computers and thought","author":"Minsky M.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Society of mind","author":"Minsky M.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Logical abilities in children","author":"Osherson D.N.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: Networks of plausible inference","author":"Pearl J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Pollack J.B.(1987).Cascaded back\u2010propagation on dynamic connectionist networks. InProceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Pollack J.B.(1988).Recursive auto\u2010associative memory: Devising compositional distributed representations. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830120511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritter H.(1989).Combining self\u2010organizing maps. InProceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Piscataway NJ :IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1989.118289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001","volume-title":"Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations","author":"Rumelhart D.E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001","volume-title":"Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations","author":"Rumelhart D.E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Mechanisms of language acquisition","author":"Rumelhart D.E.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding\u2013an inquiry into human knowledge structures","author":"Schank R.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Inside computer understanding","author":"Schank R.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text","volume":"1","author":"Sejnowski T.J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Complex Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Servan\u2010Schreiber D.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Sharkey N.E. Sutcliffe R.F.E. &Wobcke W.R.(1986).Mixing binary and continuous connection schemes for knowledge access. InProceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Mateo CA :Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"The sciences of the artificial","author":"Simon H.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"The story gestalt\u2013text comprehension by cue\u2010based constraint satisfaction","author":"John M.F.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90008-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"Sumida R.A. &Dyer M.G.(1989).Storing and generalizing multiple instances while maintaining knowledge\u2010level parallelism. InProceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Mateo CA :Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Advances in connectionist and neural computation theory","author":"Touretzky D.S.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Distributed representation","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School","author":"Waibel A.","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1207%2Fs15516709cog1503_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T12:00:28Z","timestamp":1698062428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_2"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_2","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-0213","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}