{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T05:05:47Z","timestamp":1713762347434},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]],"date-time":"2010-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6800,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"abstract":"A system called NETWORK is described which implements the construction\u2010integration model of Kintsch (1988) in a routine computing\u2010task domain. This system builds a plan of action on\u2010line for a given task from a set of plan elements. These plan elements are simple overlearned production rules that are put together by NETWORK to produce plans for novel tasks. This approach is contrasted with other types of planners as NETWORK is shown to plan solutions to a variety of tasks. Discussions focussing on the use of long\u2010term memory, case\u2010based reasoning, and planning and acting are presented.<\/jats:p>NETWORK takes as input a task description, uses this information to select related knowledge from its long\u2010term memory, and constructs a network representation of the task. This network is then integrated through a spreading\u2010activation procedure where irrelevant items in the network become deactivated, and things that appear related sustain each other's higher activation. Subsequently, a decision process chooses a plan element for firing, depending upon its level of activation with those more highly activated being considered for action first. When a plan element is found that can fire, its outcomes are added to the state of the world. The process repeats until a selection of plan elements is produced to complete the task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]],"date-time":"2005-07-05T19:33:44Z","timestamp":1120592024000},"page":"305-342","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Routine Computing Tasks: Planning as Understanding"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"Mannes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Kintsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1203_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Understanding expository text","author":"Bovair S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.82.6.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(88)90011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data","author":"Ericsson K.A.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"GPS: A case study in generality and problem solving","author":"Ernst G.W.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(71)90010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(81)90506-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Complex information processing","author":"Greeno J.G.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"The representation of meaning in memory","author":"Kintsch W.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Kintsch W.(in press).How readers construct situation models for stories: The role of syntactic cues and causal inferences. InA.F.Healy S.Kosslyn &R.M.Shiffrin(Eds.) Essays in honor of William K. Estes. Hillsdale NJ :Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.92.1.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90036-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Knowledge\u2010aided information processing","author":"Kintsch W.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Relating theory and data: Essays on human memory","author":"Kintsch W."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-596X(90)90069-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Retrieval and organizational strategies in conceptual memory: A computer model","author":"Kolodner J.L.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1304_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Complex information processing","author":"Larkin J.H.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Problem solving as text comprehension: A unitary approach","author":"Mannes S.M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"The NETWORK simulation: Documentation for use","author":"Mannes S.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Case\u2010Based Reasoning Workshop","author":"Marks M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0202_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.6.4.335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Psychology of computer vision","author":"Minsky M.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1304_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.88.2.93","article-title":"Search of associative memory","volume":"88","author":"Raaijmaker J.G.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001","volume-title":"Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructures of cognition","author":"Rumelhart D.E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"A structure for plans and behavior","author":"Sacerdoti E.D.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding","author":"Schank R.C.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Sciences of the artificial","author":"Simon H.A.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(75)90012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Plans and situated actions","author":"Suchman L.A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"A computer model of skill acquisition","author":"Sussman G.J.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(72)90002-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0503_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Planning and understanding","author":"Wilensky R.","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1207%2Fs15516709cog1503_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T11:59:54Z","timestamp":1698062394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1503_1","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-0213","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}