{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T04:21:12Z","timestamp":1728188472317},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Games and Culture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":" Through a textual analysis of three noted examples\u2014 Bioshock, Spec Ops: The Line, and Grand Theft Auto V\u2014This article explores the capacity for ambivalence in violent video games. The analyses bring into dialogue film scholarship which has sought to understand a comparable trend in cinema with games scholarship, most notably Darley\u2019s discussion of narrative \u201cdecentering\u201d and Bogost\u2019s notion of \u201cprocedural rhetoric.\u201d In all three games, the core gameplay in which players are rewarded for repetition of violent behaviors is juxtaposed with ambivalent narrative-contextual aspects. However, in the more overtly \u201cmultidimensional\u201d video games medium, this juxtaposition plays out in a more fractured manner than in the flatter visual space of cinema. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412016647848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T01:28:18Z","timestamp":1463534898000},"page":"26-45","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ambivalent Violence in Contemporary Game Design"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marcus","family":"Maloney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412011402674"},{"key":"bibr2-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.4.772"},{"volume-title":"Film as art","year":"2006","author":"Arnheim R.","key":"bibr3-1555412016647848"},{"key":"bibr4-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7228\/manchester\/9780719063640.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr5-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412006286687"},{"key":"bibr6-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412014549578"},{"key":"bibr7-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5334.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr8-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026327698015002004"},{"volume-title":"The hero with a thousand faces","year":"1993","author":"Campbell J.","key":"bibr9-1555412016647848"},{"volume-title":"Heart of darkness","year":"2007","author":"Conrad J.","key":"bibr10-1555412016647848"},{"key":"bibr11-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1990.92.4.02a01020"},{"volume-title":"Visual digital culture: Surface play and spectacle in new media genres","year":"2000","author":"Darley A.","key":"bibr12-1555412016647848"},{"key":"bibr13-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Ehrlich D. (2015). Mad max: Fury road. Time Out New York. Retrieved November 11, 2015, from http:\/\/www.timeout.com\/us\/film\/mad-max-fury-road"},{"key":"bibr14-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Eskelinen M. (2001). The gaming situation. Games Studies, 1. Retrieved September 13, 2015, from http:\/\/www.gamestudies.org\/0101\/eskelinen\/"},{"key":"bibr15-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12129"},{"key":"bibr16-1555412016647848","first-page":"84","volume":"59","author":"French P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sight and Sound"},{"key":"bibr17-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Gallaway B. (2012). Spec ops: The line review. Retrieved September 23, 2015, from http:\/\/www.gamecritics.com\/brad-gallaway\/spec-ops-the-line-review"},{"key":"bibr18-1555412016647848","unstructured":"GameFAQs (2015). Anyone else here felt bad whenever they killed a big daddy? Retrieved June 10, 2015, from http:\/\/www.gamefaqs.com\/boards\/605052-bioshock-infinite\/65562854"},{"key":"bibr19-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Garland J. (2012). Aftermath: Crossing the line with Walt Williams. Retrieved September 20, 2015, from http:\/\/gamingbolt.com\/aftermath-crossing-the-line-with-walt-williams"},{"key":"bibr20-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Hern A. (2013). Grand Theft Auto under fire for graphic torture scene. Retrieved October 14, 2015, from http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2013\/sep\/18\/grand-theft-auto-5-under-fire-for-graphic-torture-scene"},{"key":"bibr21-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412013496459"},{"key":"bibr22-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Hocking C. (2009) Ludonarrative dissonance in Bioshock: The problem of what the game is about. In Davidson D., Well played 1.0: Video games, value and meaning. Retrieved October 27, 2015, from http:\/\/press.etc.cmu.edu\/content\/bioshock-clint-hocking"},{"key":"bibr23-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02110997"},{"key":"bibr24-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9780755693788"},{"key":"bibr25-1555412016647848","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Digital generations: Children, young people and new media","author":"Jenkins H.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr26-1555412016647848","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Handbook of computer game studies","author":"Juul J.","year":"2005"},{"volume-title":"Grand theft childhood: The surprising truth about violent video games and what parents can do","year":"2008","author":"Kutner L.","key":"bibr27-1555412016647848"},{"key":"bibr28-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1213142"},{"key":"bibr29-1555412016647848","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Ill effects: The media violence debate","author":"Murdock G.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr30-1555412016647848","first-page":"167","volume-title":"The pleasures of computer gaming","author":"Nicholls B.","year":"2008"},{"volume-title":"The crooked ladder: Gangsters, ethnicity, and the American dream","year":"2009","author":"O\u2019Kane J. M.","key":"bibr31-1555412016647848"},{"key":"bibr32-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Pitts R. (2012). Don\u2019t be a hero\u2014The full story behind. Spec Ops: The Line. Retrieved September 21, 2015, from http:\/\/www.polygon.com\/2012\/11\/14\/3590430\/dont-be-a-hero-the-full-story-behind-spec-ops-the-line"},{"key":"bibr33-1555412016647848","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Public sociology: An introduction to Australian society","author":"Poole M.","year":"2015"},{"volume-title":"Savage cinema: Sam Peckinpah and the rise of ultraviolent movies","year":"1998","author":"Prince S.","key":"bibr34-1555412016647848"},{"key":"bibr35-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Russell C. J. (2014). Would you kindly? The moral dilemma of Bioshock. Retrieved January 16, 2015, from http:\/\/www.gamemoir.com\/opinions\/would-you-kindly-moral-dilemma-bioshock\/"},{"key":"bibr36-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520352131-020","volume-title":"Sacred narrative: Readings in the theory of myth","author":"Segal R. A.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr37-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Sheard D. (2012). Spec ops: The line review. Retrieved September 23, 2015, from http:\/\/darkzero.co.uk\/game-reviews\/spec-ops-the-line-xbox-360\/"},{"key":"bibr38-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012652.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr39-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0193-3973(87)90033-5"},{"key":"bibr40-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Simons J. (2007). Narrative, games, and theory. Games Studies, 7. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from http:\/\/gamestudies.org\/07010701\/articles\/simons"},{"key":"bibr41-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Stuart K. (2011). GTA V: Rockstar promises \u201cbold new direction\u201d. Retrieved March 19, 2015, from http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/gamesblog\/2011\/nov\/04\/gta-5-details-confirmed"},{"key":"bibr42-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Stuart K. (2013). GTA 5 review: A dazzling but monstrous parody of modern life. Retrieved June 20, 2015, from http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2013\/sep\/16\/gta-5-review-grand-theft-auto-v"},{"key":"bibr43-1555412016647848","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Handbook of qualitative research","author":"Strauss A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr44-1555412016647848","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The pleasures of computer gaming","author":"Swalwell M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr45-1555412016647848","unstructured":"Wesp E. (2014). A too-coherent world: Game studies and the \u2018myth\u2019 of narrative media. Game Studies, 14. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from http:\/\/gamestudies.org\/1402\/articles\/wesp"},{"key":"bibr46-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/wood91452"},{"volume-title":"Personal views: Explorations in film","year":"2006","author":"Wood R.","key":"bibr47-1555412016647848"},{"key":"bibr48-1555412016647848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195118209.003.0010"}],"container-title":["Games and Culture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1555412016647848","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1555412016647848","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1555412016647848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T21:14:41Z","timestamp":1728162881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1555412016647848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1555412016647848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1555412016647848","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-4120","1555-4139"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1555-4120"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1555-4139"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]}}}