{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T06:05:23Z","timestamp":1740809123085,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]],"date-time":"1995-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":817776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"abstract":" Studies of indexing have shown significant variation in the indexing terms chosen by several indexers to represent the same document. In our opinion, this variability depends on various indexing strategies used by the indexers with different expertise. Professional and novice indexers were asked to index eight books; they had to express the topics and to choose the indexing terms from an indexing language. The factors which influenced the indexing were: expertise in the indexing task, expertise in the use of an indexing language and familiarity with the subject domain. The criteria were: the number of indexing terms chosen, the rate of the intra-indexer consistency, the types of transformation made on the concepts, the indexing procedures and the objectives pursued during the task. The findings identified three indexing strategies which depend on indexers' exper tise. The first is characterised by a search for indexing terms from the document analysis stage. The second consists of identifying the generic terms in the document that allow them to quickly access the indexing language. The third strategy is characterised by a precise analysis. These results raise questions about the compatibility between knowledge representation produced by the indexing languages and the operators' representation produced by the text in order to specify assistance to indexing work. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159502100605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,18]],"date-time":"2007-03-18T03:37:35Z","timestamp":1174189055000},"page":"459-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Psychological approach to indexing: effects of the operator's expertise upon indexing behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Annick","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse Le Mirail, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Cellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse Le Mirail, France"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Inter-indexer Consistency Studies, 1954-1975: A Review of the Literature and Summary of the Study Results","year":"1977","author":"L.E. Leonard","key":"atypb1"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"155","volume":"6","author":"K. Markey","year":"1984","journal-title":"Library and Information Science Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb3","first-page":"20","volume":"19","author":"R. Fugmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Classification"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630280304"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.5090120106"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1983.tb03513.x"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd ASIS Annual Meeting","author":"B.W. Tell","key":"atypb7"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"V. Slamecka and J.E. Jacoby, The consistency of human indexing in the coming of age of information technology , Documentation Inc (Bethesda, MD , 1965) 35-36."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd ASIS Annual Meeting","author":"J.J. Herr","key":"atypb9"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th ASIS Annual Meeting","author":"D. Tarr","key":"atypb10"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb11","first-page":"49","volume":"3","author":"J. Leplat","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPC.1982.6447773"},{"volume-title":"Introduction \u00e0 l'Indexation Documentaire pour les Candidats aux Examens et Concours des Biblioth\u00e8ques","year":"1985","author":"R. Roy","key":"atypb13"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bertrand-Gastaldy , De quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer avant de choisir un niveau d'analyse ou un langage documentaire, Documentation et Biblioth\u00e8ques janvierjuin (1986) 3-23.","DOI":"10.7202\/1052706ar"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"S. Bruxelles , Codage et construction de sens. In: D. Dubois (ed.), S\u00e9mantique et Cognition - Cat\u00e9gories, Prototypes, Typicalit\u00e9 (Editions du CNRS, Paris, 1991) pp. 171-183."},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb16","first-page":"88","volume":"25","author":"E. Svenonius","year":"1981","journal-title":"Library Resources and Technical Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb17","first-page":"6","volume":"20","author":"A. Bisseret","year":"1983","journal-title":"Documentaliste"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026788"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026875"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159301900603"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/lgge.1975.2300"},{"volume-title":"Strategies of Discourse Comprehension","year":"1983","author":"T.A. Van Dijk","key":"atypb22"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01638537909544458"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3406\/bupsy.1982.12006","volume":"35","author":"J.F. Vezin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin de Psychologie"},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"J.P. Caverni , A. Nguyen-Xuan, J.M. Hoc and G. Politzer, Raisonnements formels en situation. In: J.F. Richard, C. Bonnet and R. Ghiglione (eds), Trait\u00e9 de Psychologie Cognitive, Tome 2, Le Traitement de l'Information Symbolique (Dunod, Paris, 1990) pp. 105-165."},{"volume-title":"Effects of indexing aids on indexing performance","year":"1966","author":"C. Fried","key":"atypb26"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"J.P. Caverni , La verbalisation comme source d'observables pour l'\u00e9tude du fontionnement cognitif. In: J.P. Caverni, C. Bastien, P. Mendelson and G. Tiberghien (eds), Psychologie Cognitive - Mod\u00e8les et M\u00e9thodes (PUG, Grenoble, 1991) pp. 253-273."},{"volume-title":"Compr\u00e9hension et Cat\u00e9gorisation dans une Activit\u00e9 Complexe - l'Indexation de Documents Scientifiques (Th\u00e8se Doctorat Nouveau R\u00e9gime en Psychologie","year":"1993","author":"A. Bertrand","key":"atypb28"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(81)90028-5"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-50329-0_7"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01449298808901881"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026526"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(88)90028-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555159502100605","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555159502100605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:52:41Z","timestamp":1740790361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/016555159502100605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/016555159502100605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016555159502100605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0165-5515"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-6485"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]}}}