{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T05:34:43Z","timestamp":1741152883133,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]],"date-time":"2014-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":" In the motivation of tapping the strong potential of computational intelligence in discovering knowledge of protective relay operations using data mining, modeling and simulation of an actual industrial numerical distance relay and its recording facility are a vital requisite. This is justified by the practicality and necessity of divulging the decision algorithm hidden in the recorded relay event report using computational intelligence-based data mining. Thus, this paper studies the detailed modeling and simulation of an industrial AREVA MiCOM P441 distance relay, accommodated together with its own simulated event report recording facility. The idea is to provide the flexibility of allowing the simulated event report to have sufficiently significant depth and breadth for data mining purposes. The modeled relay has operated correctly and discriminatively in deciding circuit breaker pole(s) to be tripped in stipulated assertion times as per the Malaysian licensee\u2019s requirements for various faults and protected zones along a transmission line. It has subsequently been validated successfully by the performance of the real field AREVA MiCOM P441 distance relay belonging to the Malaysian licensee. With the successful modeling and simulation of the AREVA MiCOM P441 distance relay and its recording facility, such subsequent works as data extraction and preparation, computational intelligence-based data mining for relay decision algorithm discovery and finally a relay analysis expert system development can certainly be executed. These subsequent applications are briefly explored as a demonstration of the benefit offered after the successful modeling of the relay. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549714532961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T04:41:49Z","timestamp":1400560909000},"page":"660-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modeling and simulation of the industrial numerical distance relay aimed at knowledge discovery in resident event reporting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Lutfi","family":"Othman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Power and Energy Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Ishak","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Power and Energy Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Noor Izzri Abdul","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Power and Energy Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549714532961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2010.2055587"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549714532961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2011.06.024"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549714532961","unstructured":"MAAC. Requirements for protection system operation reporting and analysis. Document C-3, Mid Atlantic Area Council planning document, 2003."},{"volume-title":"proceedings of the CIRED 18th international conference electricity distribution, session 3","author":"Kezunovic M","key":"bibr4-0037549714532961"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549714532961","first-page":"37","author":"Fayyad U","year":"1996","journal-title":"AI Magazine, American Association for Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549714532961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.977258"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549714532961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.03.004"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549714532961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2004.838515"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549714532961","first-page":"100","volume-title":"IEEE proceedings of the Canadian conference on electrical and computer engineering","author":"Xu X","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549714532961","unstructured":"Costello D. Understanding and analyzing event report information. Technical paper, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc., Pullman, Washington, 2000, http:\/\/www.selinc.com\/techpprs.htm."},{"key":"bibr11-0037549714532961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2009.11.023"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549714532961","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.915489"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549714532961","unstructured":"Kezunovic M. A survey of engineering tools for protective relaying. Electra \u2013 Task Force Report, TF BF.03, 2006, (225), pp.26\u201330."},{"key":"bibr14-0037549714532961","unstructured":"AREVA. MiCOM P441\/P442\/P444 numerical distance protection technical manual, version B1.2. Publication: P44x\/EN T\/E33. AREVA T & D Worldwide Contact Center, http:\/\/dc434.4shared.com\/doc\/nPROOdqs\/preview.html (2006). Accessed July 3, 2009."},{"key":"bibr15-0037549714532961","unstructured":"SEL. SEL-321\/SEL-321-1 phase and ground distance relay directional overcurrent relay and fault locator: Instruction manual, Date Code: 20070122, Schweitzer Engineering Lab. Inc., Pullman, Washington, https:\/\/customer.selinc.com\/metadot\/index.pl?iid=2533 (2007). Accessed July 3, 2009."},{"volume-title":"Dynamic performance evaluation of distance relay using real time digital simulator (RTDS)","year":"2007","author":"TNB","key":"bibr16-0037549714532961"},{"volume-title":"CIGRE working group 04 of study committee 34 (protection)","year":"1986","author":"Monseu M","key":"bibr17-0037549714532961"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549714532961","unstructured":"OMICRON. OMICRON Test Universe and CM-Line Secondary Testing catalog. OMICRON Electonics Corp., http:\/\/www.omicron.at\/en\/products\/secondary (2007). Accessed July 3, 2009."},{"volume-title":"IEEE guide for protective relay applications to transmission line","year":"1999","author":"IEEE","key":"bibr19-0037549714532961"},{"volume-title":"IEEE standard common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems (IEEE Standard C37.111, 1999)","year":"1999","author":"IEEE","key":"bibr20-0037549714532961"},{"volume-title":"IEC 60255-24 Ed. 1.0: Electrical relays - part 24: common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems","year":"2001","author":"IEC","key":"bibr21-0037549714532961"},{"volume-title":"TNB protection and control code of practice","year":"2003","author":"TNB","key":"bibr22-0037549714532961"},{"volume-title":"Protective relaying theory and applications","year":"1994","author":"Elmore WA","key":"bibr23-0037549714532961"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549714532961","unstructured":"Mooney JB, Peer JM. Application guidelines for ground fault protection. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc., Pullman, Washington, Tech. paper, 1997, http:\/\/www.selinc.com\/techpprs.htm."},{"volume-title":"30th annual western protective relay conference","year":"2003","author":"Calero F","key":"bibr25-0037549714532961"},{"volume-title":"DIAdem: Data mining, analysis, and report generation","year":"2007","author":"National Instruments","key":"bibr26-0037549714532961"},{"volume-title":"LabVIEW basics I introduction course manual","year":"2006","author":"National Instruments","key":"bibr27-0037549714532961"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549714532961","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549714532961","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549714532961","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T11:15:46Z","timestamp":1741086946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549714532961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549714532961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549714532961","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0037-5497"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-3133"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]]}}}