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Conservation managers on the wintering grounds typically use simple estimates of food availability and population-wide cumulative energy demand to determine how many birds can be supported on a given landscape. When attempting to plan for future needs due to land reallocation, climate change, and other large-scale environmental changes, simple bioenergetic models may not capture important impacts on individual behavior, such as changes in metabolic costs due to increased travel-time and reduced food accessibility leading to non-linear declines in forager success. We describe the development of an agent-based model of foraging waterfowl that uses explicit individual behavior to generate more detailed and potentially more accurate insights into the impact of environmental changes on forager success and survival. While there is growing recognition of the potential utility of agent-based models in conservation planning, there has yet to be an attempt to formulate, validate, and communicate such a model for use as a decision support tool to guide habitat management conservation for wetlands in North America. Our model seeks to provide the foundational framework for such an effort. We predict that this model will be a useful tool for stakeholders making conservation management decisions. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549713511864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T05:00:50Z","timestamp":1385528450000},"page":"52-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["SWAMP: An agent-based model for wetland and waterfowl conservation management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Matt L","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, USA"},{"name":"Psychology Department, University of California, USA"}]},{"given":"Kevin M","family":"Ringelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology & Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C","family":"Schank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, University of California, USA"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Eadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"North American waterfowl management plan 2012: people conserving waterfowl and wetlands","year":"2012","author":"North American Waterfowl Management Plan Committee","key":"bibr1-0037549713511864"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549713511864","unstructured":"Anderson MG, Caswell D, Eadie JM, Report from the Joint Task Group for clarifying North American Waterfowl Management Plan population objectives and their use in harvest management. 2007."},{"volume-title":"Central Valley Joint Venture implementation plan: conserving bird habitat","year":"2006","author":"Central Valley Joint Venture","key":"bibr3-0037549713511864"},{"volume-title":"From individual behaviour to population ecology","year":"1996","author":"Sutherland WJ","key":"bibr4-0037549713511864"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549713511864","unstructured":"Thorn A. Considerations in spatially explicit, individual based modeling of waterfowl foraging behaviors [thesis]. University of California, Davis, 2003."},{"key":"bibr6-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400850624"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.014"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2009.00106.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2000.00536.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712306072336"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2011.01.020"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(93)90073-2"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(03)00173-X"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2008.09.008"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2008.01.039"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecocom.2008.08.002"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eet.589"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-012-0193-z"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.2005.00450.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2010.11.029"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2012.02111.x"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2010.00049.x"},{"key":"bibr23-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-012-9787-3"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2012.05.031"},{"key":"bibr25-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(03)00098-X"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802840"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.019"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549705058073"},{"key":"bibr30-0037549713511864","first-page":"428","volume":"19","author":"Stein M","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Univers Comput Sci"},{"key":"bibr31-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2011.06.002"},{"key":"bibr32-0037549713511864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27216-5_30"},{"key":"bibr33-0037549713511864","unstructured":"Thomas DR. 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