{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T04:27:58Z","timestamp":1684211278870},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MIT Press","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Current definitions of immersion describe its relationship to presence and allow for relative comparisons between the immersive qualities of Virtual Reality (VR) systems, but lack the ability to describe the immersion supported by a system as an absolute quantity. In this article, we present an abstract model of perception, defining sensory units as the smallest biological registers of sensation within the body. Two metrics of immersion are introduced: the immersed sensory range, and the immersed sensory field, which can be defined for both individual sensory units and entire sensory categories. We define an isolated sensory unit as one that is shielded from non-VR stimuli, and derive the terms isolated field and isolated range from this definition. These metrics are further described as ratios, resulting in a set of theoretical and practical attributes which can be used to quantify the immersive potential of a VR experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T15:11:46Z","timestamp":1666278706000},"page":"191-200","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Quantifiable Framework for Describing Immersion"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Wil J.","family":"Norton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina, SK S4S 0A2"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina, SK S4S 0A2"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gerhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina, SK S4S 0A2"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051520400821500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00098-3","article-title":"Visual-vestibular conflict induced by virtual reality in humans","volume":"340","author":"Akiduki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Side effects of immersions in virtual reality for people suffering from anxiety disorders","volume":"2","author":"Bouchard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B3","volume-title":"Sensation and perception.","author":"Coren","year":"2004"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1145\/3177102.3177115","article-title":"Creating the perfect illusion: What will it take to create life-like virtual reality headsets?","author":"Cuervo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2015.1015740","article-title":"How immersive is enough? A meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on user presence","volume":"19","author":"Cummings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023051520400821500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1518\/001872098779591386","article-title":"Telepresence","volume":"40","author":"Draper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B7","volume-title":"The VR book: Human-centered design for virtual reality.","author":"Jerald","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023051520400821500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2012.668131","article-title":"Personality and presence in virtual reality: Does their relationship depend on the used presence measure?","volume":"29","author":"Kober","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023051520400821500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20385\/1860-2037\/14.2017.6","article-title":"The virtual pole: Exploring human responses to fear of heights in immersive virtual environments","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Virtual Reality and Broadcasting"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2002.996519","article-title":"Effects of field of view on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness in a virtual environment","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Conference"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5490-7","volume-title":"Virtual, augmented, and mixed realities in education.","author":"Liu","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B12","article-title":"A qualitative post-experience method for evaluating changes in VR presence experience over time","author":"Mai","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2017.12.007","article-title":"Adding immersive virtual reality to a science lab simulation causes more presence but less learning","volume":"60","author":"Makransky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B14","article-title":"A comparative analysis of virtual reality head-mounted display systems","author":"Mehrfard","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023051520400821500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02009710","article-title":"An investigation into nausea and other side-effects of head-coupled immersive virtual reality","volume":"1","author":"Regan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023051520400821500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2018.0128","article-title":"Factors affecting sense of presence in a virtual reality social environment: A qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"Riches","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B17","volume-title":"Understanding virtual reality\u2014Interface, application, and design.","author":"Sherman","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1535","key":"2023051520400821500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0138","article-title":"Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments","volume":"364","author":"Slater","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023051520400821500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smr.2019.10.003","article-title":"Creating sense of presence in a virtual reality experience: Impact on neurophysiological arousal and attitude towards a winter sport","volume":"23","author":"Uhm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sport Management Review"},{"key":"2023051520400821500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3359566.3360064","article-title":"Social presence and place illusion are affected by photorealism in embodied VR","volume":"13","author":"Zibrek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Motion Interaction and Games"}],"container-title":["PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00361\/2097317\/pres_a_00361.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00361\/2097317\/pres_a_00361.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T20:40:29Z","timestamp":1684183229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00361\/113514\/A-Quantifiable-Framework-for-Describing-Immersion"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/pres_a_00361","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}