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Twenty deaf signers (American Sign Language [ASL] dominant) and 16 hearing signers (English dominant) participated in a picture\u2013word interference paradigm in ASL. As in previous studies, ASL naming latencies were measured using the keyboard release time. EEG results revealed a medial frontal negativity peaking within 15 msec after keyboard release in the deaf signers. This negativity was larger in errors than correct trials, as previously observed in spoken language production. No clear negativity was present in the hearing signers. In addition, the slope of the Ne was correlated with ASL proficiency (measured by the ASL Sentence Repetition Task) across signers. Our results indicate that a similar medial frontal mechanism is engaged in preoutput language monitoring in sign and spoken language production. These results suggest that the monitoring mechanism reflected by the Ne\/Ne-like wave is independent of output modality (i.e., spoken or signed) and likely monitors prearticulatory representations of language. Differences between groups may be linked to several factors including differences in language proficiency or more variable lexical access to motor programming latencies for hearing than deaf signers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T17:55:13Z","timestamp":1581011713000},"page":"1079-1091","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre-output Language Monitoring in Sign Production"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Stephanie K.","family":"Ri\u00e8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University"},{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Nadalet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University"}]},{"given":"Soren","family":"Mickelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Midgley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University"}]},{"given":"Phillip J.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University"},{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Emmorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University"},{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042815132303700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acheson, D. 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