{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:28:54Z","timestamp":1740148134737,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is an important technique for the time-frequency analysis of a time varying signal. The basic approach behind it involves the application of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to a signal multiplied with an appropriate window function with fixed resolution. The selection of an appropriate window size is difficult when no background information about the input signal is known. In this paper, a novel empirical model is proposed that adaptively adjusts the window size for a narrow band-signal using spectrum sensing technique. For wide-band signals, where a fixed time-frequency resolution is undesirable, the approach adapts the constant Q transform (CQT). Unlike the STFT, the CQT provides a varying time-frequency resolution. This results in a high spectral resolution at low frequencies and high temporal resolution at high frequencies. In this paper, a simple but effective switching framework is provided between both STFT and CQT. The proposed method also allows for the dynamic construction of a filter bank according to user-defined parameters. This helps in reducing redundant entries in the filter bank. Results obtained from the proposed method not only improve the spectrogram visualization but also reduce the computation cost and achieves 87.71% of the appropriate window length selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6172453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T17:17:50Z","timestamp":1472059070000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["An Efficient Adaptive Window Size Selection Method for Improving Spectrogram Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0311-0876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shibli","family":"Nisar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Omar Usman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-2058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"},{"name":"Princeton University, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tassp.1980.1163359"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"193","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-008-9231-z"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2011.01.017"},{"year":"2011","key":"6"},{"year":"1965","key":"7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10178-010-0020-x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ji-3-2.1946.0074"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tassp.1977.1162950"},{"volume":"2","year":"2012","key":"11"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstsp.2011.2112333"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"27","volume":"34","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Applications"},{"year":"2007","key":"16"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.404385"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2012.2234114"},{"volume":"14","year":"1993","key":"19"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2007.05.006"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.400476"},{"issue":"8","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199708)20:8<991::AID-MUS9>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"20","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.11.2491","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2012.09.001"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.04.015"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2013.2269702"},{"volume-title":"Gabor analysis and time-frequency methods","year":"2012","key":"27"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.4.002570"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2005.10.003"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2006.10.087"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2007.896265"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0077-4"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2013.04011035;.dpuf"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3414\/me12-01-0083"},{"year":"2006","key":"36"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.5.003023"},{"year":"1987","key":"39"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEE.2013.00004"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2053028"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.869059"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2012.2197204"},{"volume-title":"Adaptive time-frequency resolution for analysis and processing of audio","year":"2006","key":"44"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077546313499389"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2143711"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"48","first-page":"562","volume":"61","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Audio Engineering Society"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.192463"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2838-5"},{"year":"2015","key":"51"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/99.388960"},{"first-page":"38","volume-title":"Orthonormal bases of wavelets with finite support\u2014connection with discrete filters","year":"1989","key":"53"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finel.2013.11.001"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2015.08.023"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2015.02.012"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/acha.1996.0015"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2007.09.008"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmachtools.2013.10.009"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2014.04.051"},{"year":"2008","key":"61"}],"container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/6172453.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/6172453.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/6172453.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T17:19:52Z","timestamp":1498324792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/6172453\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["6172453","6172453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6172453","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-5265"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-5273"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}