{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T05:23:29Z","timestamp":1672809809071},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGPLAN Not."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,8]]},"abstract":"\n JOSS is one of the earliest interactive, multi-user languages to become operational (the first demonstration was in 1963) and as such had a strong influence on many similar systems and languages which proliferated shortly thereafter. The system (hardware and software design and implementation) was developed by J. C. Shaw, T. O. Ellis, I. D. Nehama, A. Newell, and K. W. Uncapher at the RAND Corporation. The name is an acronym derived from:\n JOHNNIAC<\/jats:underline>\n \u2014the RAND-built Princeton-type computer named in honor of the mathematician John von Neumann;\n OPEN SHOP<\/jats:underline>\n \u2014designating operation by personnel other than those attached to the computing center; and\n SYSTEM<\/jats:underline>\n \u2014implying that JOSS is more than just a computer language.\n <\/jats:p>\n At the time of initial system hardware specification, no acceptable typewriter-based terminals were commercially available, nor was the JOHNNIAC configured to accept multi-user input\/output of this type. Therefore, special equipment was designed and built at RAND to meet these needs. The user terminal was based on the IBM model B typewriter, essentially equivalent to those used by RAND secretaries at that time. A special character set was specified to provide the symbols required by the JOSS language. Control and interface of up to eight remote consoles was provided by multiple-typewriter-control-system (MTCS) hardware. The development of these JOSS hardware components overlapped the development of the JOSS language.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/960118.808383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,14]],"date-time":"2005-11-14T18:08:27Z","timestamp":1131991707000},"page":"199-200","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ACM SIGPLAN history of programming languages conference JOSS language summary"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Charles L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Data Systems, Inc., Rockville, Maryland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1978,8]]},"container-title":["ACM SIGPLAN Notices"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/960118.808383","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T07:33:50Z","timestamp":1672731230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/960118.808383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/960118.808383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/960118.808383","relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-1340","1558-1160"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0362-1340","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-1160","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1978-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}