{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:43:02Z","timestamp":1707957782103},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"AMPLI","award":["ANR-20-CE23-0001"]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), by the National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["129257"]},{"name":"Maria Zambrano fellowship by Ministerio de Universidades"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"abstract":"\n The creation of truly believable simulated natural environments remains an unsolved problem in Computer Graphics. This is, in part, due to a lack of visual variety. In nature, apart from variation due to abiotic and biotic growth factors, a significant role is played by disturbance events, such as fires, windstorms, disease, and death and decay processes, which give rise to both standing dead trees (snags) and downed woody debris (logs). For instance, snags constitute on average 10% of unmanaged forests by basal area, and logs account for 2\n \n \\(\\frac{1}{2}\\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n times this quantity.\n <\/jats:p>\n While previous systems have incorporated individual elements of disturbance (e.g., forest fires) and decay (e.g., the formation of humus), there has been no unifying treatment, perhaps because of the challenge of matching simulation results with generated geometric models.<\/jats:p>\n \n In this paper, we present a framework that combines an ecosystem simulation, which explicitly incorporates disturbance events and decay processes, with a model realization process, which balances the uniqueness arising from life history with the need for instancing due to memory constraints. We tested our hypothesis concerning the visual impact of disturbance and decay with a two-alternative forced-choice experiment (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 116). Our findings are that the presence of dead wood in various forms, as snags or logs, significantly improves the believability of natural scenes, while, surprisingly, general variation in the number of model instances, with up to 8 models per species, and a focus on disturbance events, does not.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3641816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T12:29:18Z","timestamp":1706012958000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DeadWood: Including Disturbance and Decay in the Depiction of Digital Nature"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6994-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Peytavie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS, LIRIS, Villeurbanne, France"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Gain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2189-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Gu\u00e9rin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSA-Lyon, CNRS, LIRIS, Villeurbanne, France"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3943-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Argudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5946-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Galin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS, LIRIS, Villeurbanne, France"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2007.09.008","article-title":"Standing dead trees and their decay-class dynamics in the northeastern boreal old-growth forests of Quebec","volume":"255","author":"Aakala Tuomas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tuomas Aakala, Timo Kuuluvainen, Sylvie Gauthier, and Louis De Grandpr\u00e9. 2008. 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