乐胖代购免代理版

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:10:52Z","timestamp":1740143452074,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korean government","award":["2022-0-00627"]},{"name":"Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korean government","award":["2018-0-00264"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"abstract":"\n The Rainbow Signature Scheme is one of the finalists in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization competition,\n but failed to win because it has lack of stability in the parameter selection.<\/jats:styled-content>\n It is the only signature candidate based on a multivariate quadratic equation. Rainbow signatures have smaller signature sizes compared with other post-quantum cryptography candidates. However, they require expensive tower-field based polynomial multiplications. In this article, we propose an efficient implementation of Rainbow signatures using a look-up table\u2013based multiplication method. The polynomial multiplications in Rainbow signatures are performed on the \ud835\udd3d\n 16<\/jats:sub>\n field, which is divided into sub-fields \ud835\udd3d\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n and \ud835\udd3d\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n under the tower-field method. To accelerate the multiplication process on target processors, we propose a look-up table\u2013based tower-field multiplication technique. In \ud835\udd3d\n 16<\/jats:sub>\n , all values are expressed in 4-bit data format and can be implemented using a 256-byte look-up table access. The implementation uses the\n TBL<\/jats:monospace>\n and\n TBX<\/jats:monospace>\n instructions of the 64-bit ARMv8 target processor. For Rainbow III and Rainbow V, they are computed on the \ud835\udd3d\n 256<\/jats:sub>\n field using an additional 16-byte table instead of creating a new look-up table. The proposed technique uses the vector registers of 64-bit ARMv8 processors and can calculate 16 result values with a single instruction.\n We also proposed implementations that are resistant to timing attacks. There are two types of implementations. The first one is the cache side-attack resistant implementation, which utilizes the 128-byte cache lines of the M1 processor. In this implementation, cache misses do not occur, and cache hits always occur. The second type is the constant-time implementation. This method takes a step-by-step approach to finding the required look-up table value and ensures that the same number of accesses is made regardless of which look-up table value is called. This implementation is designed to be constant-time, meaning it does not leak timing information.<\/jats:styled-content>\n Our experiments on modern Apple M1 processors showed up to 428.73\u00d7 and 114.16\u00d7 better performance for finite field multiplications and Rainbow signatures schemes, respectively, compared with previous\n reference<\/jats:styled-content>\n implementations. To the best of our knowledge, this proposed Rainbow implementation is the first optimized Rainbow implementation for 64-bit ARMv8 processors.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3607140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T13:37:06Z","timestamp":1688477826000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Look-up the Rainbow: Table-based Implementation of Rainbow Signature on 64-bit ARMv8 Processors"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9173-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeokdong","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hansung University, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6757-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hansung University, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5242-214X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjoo","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hansung University, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4659-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai-Kong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gachon University, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0069-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwajeong","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hansung University, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"92","volume-title":"International Conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography","author":"Bernstein Daniel J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daniel J. 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