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Hence, a desirable approach is to train an ML model dynamically using interactive classification, and hopefully, after some training, the model can complete the data reconstruction tasks with less human interference. For this approach to be effective, the number of annotated data objects used for training the ML model should be as small as possible, while the number of data objects to be reconstructed automatically should be as large as possible. In this article, we present a novel technique for the machine to initiate intelligent interactions to reduce the user\u2019s interaction cost in interactive classification tasks. The technique of machine-initiated intelligent interaction (MI3) builds on a generic framework featuring active sampling and default labeling. To demonstrate the MI3 approach, we use the well-known cholera map visualization by John Snow as an example, as it features three instances of MI3 pipelines. The experiment has confirmed the merits of the MI3 approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3412848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T19:30:07Z","timestamp":1630697407000},"page":"1-34","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MI3: Machine-initiated Intelligent Interaction for Interactive Classification and Data Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, The United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Coecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, The United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, The United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Constructive visual analytics for text similarity detection","volume":"36","author":"Abdul-Rahman Alfie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alfie Abdul-Rahman , Gleen Roe , Mark Olsen , Clovis Gladstone , Richard Whaling , Nicholas Cronk , Robert Morrissey , and Min Chen . 2017 . 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