{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T11:09:47Z","timestamp":1719659387170},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":325,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["DRL-1721160"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput. Educ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"\n The language and concepts used by curriculum designers are not always interpreted by children as designers intended. This can be problematic when researchers use self-reported survey instruments in concert with curricula, which often rely on the implicit belief that students\u2019 understanding aligns with their own. We report on our refinement of a validated survey to measure upper elementary students\u2019 attitudes and perspectives about computer science (CS), using an iterative, design-based research approach informed by educational and psychological cognitive interview processes. We interviewed six groups of students over three iterations of the instrument on their understanding of CS concepts and attitudes toward coding. Our findings indicated that students could not explain the terms\u00a0\n computer programs\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n nor\u00a0\n computer science<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0as expected. Furthermore, they struggled to understand how coding may support their learning in other domains. These results may guide the development of appropriate CS-related survey instruments and curricular materials for K\u20136 students.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3386364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T23:16:18Z","timestamp":1592349378000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elementary Students\u2019 Understanding of CS Terms"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Vandenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Tsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Boulden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Learning Design and Technology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"given":"Zarifa","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"given":"Kristy Elizabeth","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer 8 Information Science 8 Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Novice programmers: An analysis of patterns of debugging among novice computer science students","volume":"37","author":"Ahmadzadeh M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inroads"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Attitudes and the prediction of behavior","author":"Ajzen I."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"J. Alano etal 2018. K--12 Computer Science Framework. Retrieved from https:\/\/k12cs.org\/. J. Alano et al. 2018. K--12 Computer Science Framework. Retrieved from https:\/\/k12cs.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"Measuring risk and protective factors for use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors: The communities that care youth survey","volume":"26","author":"Arthur M. W.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eval. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-3-70"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"When kids can't read, what teachers can do","author":"Beers K."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The forms of capital","author":"Bourdieu P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the American Education Researcher Association Conference.","author":"Brennan K."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/piq.20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124706.1121352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Code.org and CSTA. 2018. 2018 State of Computer Science Education: Code.org. Retrieved from https:\/\/advocacy.code.org\/. Code.org and CSTA. 2018. 2018 State of Computer Science Education: Code.org. Retrieved from https:\/\/advocacy.code.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327884mca0502_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Scaffolding Language","author":"Gibbons P."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. 285--290","author":"Graesser A. C.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2538862.2538934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2493394.2493414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Computing Education Research. ACM, 71--78","author":"Hewner M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep3103&4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520701416231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Computer programming self-efficacy scale (CPSES) for secondary school students: Development, validation and reliability","volume":"7","author":"Kukul V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Educ. Technol.-Theor. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2960310.2960332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. S. Lincoln and E. G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Newbury Park CA. Y. S. Lincoln and E. G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Newbury Park CA.","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543075004531"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"National Science Foundation. 2019. STEM + Computing K--12 Education (STEM+C). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/funding\/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=505006. National Science Foundation. 2019. STEM + Computing K--12 Education (STEM+C). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/funding\/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=505006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally J. C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"A study for determining computer programming students\u2019 attitudes towards programming and their programming self-efficacy","volume":"11","author":"\u00d6zyurt H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Theor. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Judgement and Reasoning in the Child","author":"Piaget J.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203207260"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Conceptual understanding and science learning: An interpretation of research within a sources\u2010of\u2010knowledge framework. Sci","volume":"70","author":"Pines A. L.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Educ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Cognitive Socialization: The Influence of Socioeconomic Status, A. Kozulin, B. Gindis, V. Ageyev, 8 S","author":"Portes P. R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-017-9421-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.29.110702.110112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.2.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2007.25.5.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-012-9240-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633117743918"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633117746747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282915571160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes","author":"Vygotsky L. S.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjf9vz4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-015-9581-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29333\/ejmste\/92286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731503257882"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Socioscientific issues as a curriculum emphasis: Theory, research and practice","author":"Zeidler D. L.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203097267.ch34"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computing Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3386364","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3386364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T10:18:09Z","timestamp":1672568289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3386364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3386364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3386364","relation":{},"ISSN":["1946-6226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1946-6226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}