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Although it is well known that adding cast shadows to an object produces the illusion that the object has a 3D layout, investigations into this illusion have been limited to virtual objects in a display. Using a light-projection technique, we show that it is possible to create a similar 3D layout illusion for real two-dimensional objects. Specifically, we displayed spatial patterns that look like cast shadows in the vicinity of an object depicted as a printed image. The combination of the cast shadow patterns with the printed object made it appear as if the printed object hovered over its original location even though the object was physically two-dimensional. By using this technique, we demonstrated that the shadow-induced layout illusion resulted in printed images having novel perceptual transparency. Vision researchers may find our technique useful if they want to extend their studies on the perception of cast shadows and transparency with real objects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3342350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T14:41:50Z","timestamp":1565707310000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Shadow-based Illusion of Depth and Transparency in Printed Images"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9888-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kawabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Qualitative Vision. 77--81","author":"Adelson Edward H.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"volume-title":"Bergen","year":"1991","author":"Adelson Edward H.","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1457515.1409102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2013.135"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 1--8.","author":"Audet S.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1401132.1401239"},{"volume-title":"Spatial Augmented Reality: Merging Real and Virtual Worlds","author":"Bimber Oliver","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b10624"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p5588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The perception and content of cast shadows: An interdisciplinary review","volume":"11","author":"Dee Hannah M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spatial Cog. 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