{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T22:40:38Z","timestamp":1726440038758},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Database Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]},"abstract":"Aspects of an intelligent interface that provides natural language access to a large body of data distributed over a computer network are described. The overall system architecture is presented, showing how a user is buffered from the actual database management systems (DBMSs) by three layers of insulating components. These layers operate in series to convert natural language queries into calls to DBMSs at remote sites. Attention is then focused on the first of the insulating components, the natural language system. A pragmatic approach to language access that has proved useful for building interfaces to databases is described and illustrated by examples. Special language features that increase system usability, such as spelling correction, processing of incomplete inputs, and run-time system personalization, are also discussed. The language system is contrasted with other work in applied natural language processing, and the system's limitations are analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/320251.320253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T07:29:03Z","timestamp":1027754943000},"page":"105-147","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Developing a natural language interface to complex data"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Gary G.","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA"}]},{"given":"Earl D.","family":"Sacerdoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sagalowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Slocum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Multiple representations of knowledge for tutorial reasoning","author":"BROWN J.S.","year":"1975","unstructured":"BROWN , J.S. , AND BURTON , R.R. Multiple representations of knowledge for tutorial reasoning . In Representation and Understanding, D.G. Bob~ow and A. Collins, Eds., Academic Press , New York , 1975 , pp. 311 - 349 . BROWN, J.S., AND BURTON, R.R. Multiple representations of knowledge for tutorial reasoning. In Representation and Understanding, D.G. Bob~ow and A. Collins, Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1975, pp. 311-349."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Bolt, Beranek, and Newman","author":"BURTON R.R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"BURTON , R.R. \"Semantic grammar : An engineering technique for constructing natural language understanding systems. BBN Rep. 3453 , Bolt, Beranek, and Newman , Boston, Mass ., Dec. 1976 . BURTON, R.R. \"Semantic grammar: An engineering technique for constructing natural language understanding systems. BBN Rep. 3453, Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Boston, Mass., Dec. 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"179","volume-title":"North-Holland","author":"CODD E.F.","year":"1974","unstructured":"CODD , E.F. Seven steps to rendezvous with the casual user. In Data Base Management, J.W. Klimbie and K.I. Koffeman, Eds ., North-Holland , Amsterdam , 1974 , pp. 179 - 200 . CODD, E.F. Seven steps to rendezvous with the casual user. In Data Base Management, J.W. Klimbie and K.I. Koffeman, Eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1974, pp. 179-200."},{"volume-title":"Datacomputer version 1 user manual. CCA","year":"1975","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"Computer Corporation of America. Datacomputer version 1 user manual. CCA , Cambridge , Mass ., Aug. 1975 . Computer Corporation of America. Datacomputer version 1 user manual. CCA, Cambridge, Mass., Aug. 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume":"61","author":"ERMAN L.D.","year":"1977","unstructured":"ERMAN , L.D. , ED. ACM SIGART Newsletter 61 , Feb. 1977 . ERMAN, L.D., ED. ACM SIGART Newsletter 61, Feb. 1977.","journal-title":"ED. ACM SIGART Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Proc. Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks","author":"FARR~ LL, J","year":"1976","unstructured":"FARR~ . LL, J . The Dataeomputer--A network data utility . Proc. Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks , Berkeley, Calif. , May 1976 pp. 352 - 364 . FARR~.LL, J. The Dataeomputer--A network data utility. Proc. Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks, Berkeley, Calif., May 1976 pp. 352-364."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1045283.1045309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(77)80037-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","volume-title":"The LIFER manual: A guide to building practical natural language interfaces. Tech. 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Proc. 2nd Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks, Berkeley, Calif., May 1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","volume-title":"Proc. 4th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence","author":"MYLOPOULOS J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"MYLOPOULOS , J. , BORGIDA , A. , COHEN , P. , ROLISSOPOULOS , N. , TSOTSOS , J. , AND WOI~G , H. TORUS--A natural language understanding system for data management . Proc. 4th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence , Tbilisi, U.S.S.R. , Aug. 1975 . MYLOPOULOS, J., BORGIDA, A., COHEN, P., ROLISSOPOULOS, N., TSOTSOS, J., AND WOI~G, H. TORUS--A natural language understanding system for data management. Proc. 4th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Tbilisi, U.S.S.R., Aug. 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","volume-title":"A framework for speech understanding. Tech. Note 142","author":"PAXTON W.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"PAXTON , W.H. A framework for speech understanding. Tech. 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BBN Rep. 2378, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Cambridge, Mass., 1972."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Database Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/320251.320253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T13:45:51Z","timestamp":1672494351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/320251.320253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/320251.320253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/320251.320253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0362-5915"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-4644"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1978-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}