{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T06:44:14Z","timestamp":1742798654863},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"abstract":"\n This paper presents a simulation study of various TCP acknowledgment generation and utilization techniques. We investigate the standard version of TCP and the two standard acknowledgment strategies employed by receivers: those that acknowledge each incoming segment and those that implement delayed acknowledgments. We show the delayed acknowledgment mechanism hurts TCP performance, especially during slow start. Next we examine three alternate mechanisms for generating and using acknowledgments designed to mitigate the negative impact of delayed acknowledgments. The first method is to generate delayed ACKs only when the sender is not using the slow start algorithm. The second mechanism, called\n byte counting<\/jats:italic>\n , allows TCP senders to increase the amount of data being injected into the network based on the amount of data acknowledged rather than on the number of acknowledgments received. The last mechanism is a limited form of byte counting. Each of these mechanisms is evaluated in a simulated network with no competing traffic, as well as a dynamic environment with a varying amount of competing traffic. We study the costs and benefits of the alternate mechanisms when compared to the standard algorithm with delayed ACKs.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/303297.303301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T13:44:32Z","timestamp":1097588672000},"page":"4-21","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["On the generation and use of TCP acknowledgments"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Allman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Lewis Research Center\/Sterling Software"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"September","author":"Allman Mark","year":"1998","unstructured":"{AFP98} Mark Allman , Sally Floyd , and Craig Partridge . Increasing TCP's Initial Window , September 1998 . RFC 2414. {AFP98} Mark Allman, Sally Floyd, and Craig Partridge. Increasing TCP's Initial Window, September 1998. RFC 2414."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Improving TCP Performance Over Satellite Channels. Master's thesis","author":"Allman Mark","year":"1997","unstructured":"{All97} Mark Allman . Improving TCP Performance Over Satellite Channels. Master's thesis , Ohio University , June 1997 . {All97} Mark Allman. Improving TCP Performance Over Satellite Channels. Master's thesis, Ohio University, June 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"April","author":"Braden Robert","year":"1998","unstructured":"{BCC+98} Robert Braden , David Clark , Jon Crowcroft , Bruce Davie , Steve Deering , Deborah Estrin , Sally Floyd , Van Jacobson , Greg Minshall , Craig Partridge , Larry Peterson , K. Ramakrishnan , S. Shenker , J. Wroclawski , and Lixia Zhang . Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet , April 1998 . RFC 2309. {BCC+98} Robert Braden, David Clark, Jon Crowcroft, Bruce Davie, Steve Deering, Deborah Estrin, Sally Floyd, Van Jacobson, Greg Minshall, Craig Partridge, Larry Peterson, K. Ramakrishnan, S. Shenker, J. Wroclawski, and Lixia Zhang. Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet, April 1998. RFC 2309."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/262116.262134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"October","author":"Braden Robert","year":"1989","unstructured":"{Bra89} Robert Braden . Requirements for Internet Hosts - Communication Layers , October 1989 . RFC 1122. {Bra89} Robert Braden. Requirements for Internet Hosts - Communication Layers, October 1989. RFC 1122."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/235160.235162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"LBL","author":"Floyd Sally","year":"1998","unstructured":"{FF98} Sally Floyd and Kevin Fall . Promoting the Use of End-to-End Congestion Control in the Internet. Technical report , LBL , February 1998 . {FF98} Sally Floyd and Kevin Fall. Promoting the Use of End-to-End Congestion Control in the Internet. Technical report, LBL, February 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.251892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory","author":"Floyd Sally","year":"1995","unstructured":"{Flo95} Sally Floyd . TCP and Successive Fast Retransmits. Technical report , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory , May 1995 . {Flo95} Sally Floyd. TCP and Successive Fast Retransmits. Technical report, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, May 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"LBL","author":"Jacobson Van","year":"1990","unstructured":"{Jac90} Van Jacobson . Modified TCP Congestion Avoidance Algorithm. Technical report , LBL , April 1990 . Email to the end2end-interest mailing list. URL: ftp:\/\/ftp.ee.lbl.gov\/email\/ vanj.90apr30.txt. {Jac90} Van Jacobson. Modified TCP Congestion Avoidance Algorithm. Technical report, LBL, April 1990. Email to the end2end-interest mailing list. URL: ftp:\/\/ftp.ee.lbl.gov\/email\/ vanj.90apr30.txt."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/52325.52356"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Increasing TCP Throughput by Using an Extended Acknowledgement Interval. Master's thesis","author":"Johnson Stacy","year":"1995","unstructured":"{Joh95} Stacy Johnson . Increasing TCP Throughput by Using an Extended Acknowledgement Interval. Master's thesis , Ohio University , June 1995 . {Joh95} Stacy Johnson. Increasing TCP Throughput by Using an Extended Acknowledgement Interval. Master's thesis, Ohio University, June 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"{MF95} Steven McCanne and Sally Floyd. NS (Network Simulator) 1995. URL http:\/\/www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov. {MF95} Steven McCanne and Sally Floyd. NS (Network Simulator) 1995. URL http:\/\/www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"RFC","author":"Mathis Matt","year":"2018","unstructured":"{MMFR96} Matt Mathis , Jamshid Mahdavi , Sally Floyd , and Allyn Romanow . TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options, October 1996 . RFC 2018 . {MMFR96} Matt Mathis, Jamshid Mahdavi, Sally Floyd, and Allyn Romanow. TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options, October 1996. RFC 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"August","author":"Paxson Vern","year":"1998","unstructured":"{PAD+98} Vern Paxson , Mark Allman , Scott Dawson , Jim Griner , Ian Heavens , Kevin Lahey , Jeff Semke , and Bernie Volz . Known TCP Implementation Problems , August 1998 . Internet-Draft draft-ietf-tcpimplprob-04.txt (work in progress). {PAD+98} Vern Paxson, Mark Allman, Scott Dawson, Jim Griner, Ian Heavens, Kevin Lahey, Jeff Semke, and Bernie Volz. Known TCP Implementation Problems, August 1998. Internet-Draft draft-ietf-tcpimplprob-04.txt (work in progress)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"August","author":"Partridge Craig","year":"1998","unstructured":"{Par98} Craig Partridge . ACK Spacing for High Delay-Bandwidth Paths with Insufficient Buffering , August 1998 . Internet-Draft draft-rfced-info-partridge-00.txt (work in progress). {Par98} Craig Partridge. ACK Spacing for High Delay-Bandwidth Paths with Insufficient Buffering, August 1998. Internet-Draft draft-rfced-info-partridge-00.txt (work in progress)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/263105.263160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"September","author":"Postel Jon","year":"1981","unstructured":"{Pos81} Jon Postel . Transmission Control Protocol , September 1981 . RFC 793. {Pos81} Jon Postel. Transmission Control Protocol, September 1981. RFC 793."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.620521"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"August","author":"Stevens W. Richard","year":"1998","unstructured":"{SAP98} W. Richard Stevens , Mark Allman , and Vern Paxson . TCP Congestion Control , August 1998 . Internet-Draft draft-ietf-tcpimpl-cong-control-00.txt (work in progress). {SAP98} W. Richard Stevens, Mark Allman, and Vern Paxson. TCP Congestion Control, August 1998. Internet-Draft draft-ietf-tcpimpl-cong-control-00.txt (work in progress)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"RFC","author":"Stevens W. Richard","year":"2001","unstructured":"{Ste97} W. Richard Stevens . TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms, January 1997 . RFC 2001 . {Ste97} W. Richard Stevens. TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms, January 1997. RFC 2001."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/303297.303301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T07:24:56Z","timestamp":1672471496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/303297.303301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/303297.303301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/303297.303301","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4833","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}