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Educ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]]},"abstract":"This article reports the results of a study of the relationship of computer game programming to computational learning (CL). The results contribute to the growing body of knowledge about how to define and measure CL among children by proposing a new concept, Game Computational Sophistication (GCS). We analyzed 231 games programmed by 325 11 and 12 year olds with a range of prior computer experience who attended a voluntary technology class during or after school. Findings suggest that students\u2019 games exhibited a range of GCS: programs composed of sequences of simple programming constructs; programs composed of programming constructs, some of which are used to implement higher-order patterns; and programs composed of game mechanics built from combinations of patterns \u201cglued\u201d together with simple programming constructs. We use case studies of students\u2019 games to illustrate how variation in the use and integration of programming constructs, patterns, and game mechanics can be used to demonstrate evidence of CL. The study contributes to an understanding of what CL looks like in middle school, how to assess it, and how game-programming activities might promote CL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2677091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T13:27:09Z","timestamp":1420464429000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Children Programming Games"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Cruz, CA"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Denner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education, Training, Research"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Campe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education, Training, Research"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"D. 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