{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:40:46Z","timestamp":1740134446321,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3006,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000145","name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF-0811485IIS-1017014"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000143","name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF-0811485IIS-1017014"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"We present a general approach to creating realistic swimming behavior for a given articulated creature body. The two main components of our method are creature\/fluid simulation and the optimization of the creature motion parameters. We simulate two-way coupling between the fluid and the articulated body by solving a linear system that matches acceleration at fluid\/solid boundaries and that also enforces fluid incompressibility. The swimming motion of a given creature is described as a set of periodic functions, one for each joint degree of freedom. We optimize over the space of these functions in order to find a motion that causes the creature to swim straight and stay within a given energy budget. Our creatures can perform path following by first training appropriate turning maneuvers through offline optimization and then selecting between these motions to track the given path. We present results for a clownfish, an eel, a sea turtle, a manta ray and a frog, and in each case the resulting motion is a good match to the real-world animals. We also demonstrate a plausible swimming gait for a fictional creature that has no real-world counterpart.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T14:17:46Z","timestamp":1311689866000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Articulated swimming creatures"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology"}]},{"given":"C. Karen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"Arash O. E. Genevaux O. Habibi A. and michel Dischler J. 2003. Simulating fluid-solid interaction. In in Graphics Interface 31--38."},{"volume-title":"Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology, 1996. AUV'96., Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on, IEEE, 1--9.","author":"Barrett D.","key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Barrett, D., Grosenbaugh, M., and Triantafyllou, M. 2002. The optimal control of a flexible hull robotic undersea vehicle propelled by an oscillating foil. In Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology, 1996. AUV'96., Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on, IEEE, 1--9."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276502"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1833349.1778784"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015733"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1179849.1179930"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360681"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383287"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/0954406971521665"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218411"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073299"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen N. and Kern S. 2004. Evaluating the CMA evolution strategy on multimodal test functions. In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature-PPSN VIII Springer 282--291.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30217-9_29"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360626"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218414"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02526"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1179352.1141961"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237231"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindsey C. 1978. Form function and locomotory habits in fish. Fish physiology 7 1--100.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1546-5098(08)60163-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015745"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Computer Graphics '89","author":"Miller G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Miller, G. 1989. Goal-directed snake motion over uneven terrain. In Computer Graphics '89, 257--272."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1833349.1778808"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531387"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360645"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.019224"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192161.192167"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276511"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311548"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"United States: Walt Disney Pictures.","author":"Stanton A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stanton, A., and Unkrich, L. 2003. Finding Nemo {motion picture}. United States: Walt Disney Pictures."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1242073.1242279"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan J. Liu K. and Turk G. 2011. Stable proportional-derivative controllers. Computer Graphics and Applications. 10.1109\/MCG.2011.30","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2011.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/artl.1994.1.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192161.192170"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00968"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531366"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1833349.1778810"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1201775.882360"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1833349.1778809"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","unstructured":"Wyneken J. 1997. Sea Turtle Locomotion: Mechanisms Behavior and Energetics. The biology of sea turtles 165."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028529"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276509"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360680"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/545261.545276"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2010324.1964953","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2010324.1964953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1740010089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2010324.1964953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2010324.1964953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2010324.1964953","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0730-0301"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7368"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}