{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T20:40:45Z","timestamp":1680813645898},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"Autumn","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGWEB Newsl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"ZigZag is a unique hyperstructural paradigm designed by the hypertext pioneer Ted Nelson. It has piqued a lot of interest in the hypertext community in recent years because of its aim of revolutionizing electronic access to information and knowledge bases. In ZigZag information is stored in cells that are arranged into lists organized along unlimited numbers of intersecting sets of associations called dimensions. To this infrastructure a mechanism of transclusion is added, allowing the data stored in cells to span, and hence be utilized, in different contexts. Proponents of ZigZag claim that it is a flexible and universal structure for information representation, and yet the system has not been widely adopted and has been implemented even more rarely. In this paper we address the question of whether there are intrinsic theoretical reasons as to why this is the case.<\/jats:p>\n While the basic features and specifications of ZigZag are well known, we delve in to the less understood area of its theoretical underpinnings to tackle this question. By modeling ZigZag within the framework of set theory we reveal a new class of hyperstructure that contains no referencable link objects whatsoever, instead grouping non-referencable binary associations into disjunct but parallel sets of common semantics (dimensions). We go on to further specialize these \"dimensional models\" into sets of finite partial functions, which are closed over a single domain, isolating the new class of hyperstructures we are calling hyperorders. This analysis not only sheds light on the benefits and limitations of the ZigZag hypermedia system, but also provides a framework to describe and understand a wider family of possible hyperstructure models of which it is an early example. Characteristics of Zigzag's transclusion mechanisms are also investigated, highlighting a previously unrecognized distinction, and potential irrevocable conflict, between two distinct uses of content reuse: instance and identity transclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1850770.1836296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]],"date-time":"2010-08-24T13:16:40Z","timestamp":1282655800000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyperorders and transclusion"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2010","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Goulding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Brailsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Ashman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJKL.2007.012599"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/43.5.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1997.0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Hyperstructure Maintenance Costs in Large-scale Wikis. International Workshop on the Social Web and Knowledge Management, at the 17th international conference on World Wide Web (WWW '08)","author":"Boulain P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boulain , P. , Shadbolt , N. and Gibbins , N . 2008 . Hyperstructure Maintenance Costs in Large-scale Wikis. International Workshop on the Social Web and Knowledge Management, at the 17th international conference on World Wide Web (WWW '08) . (http:\/\/eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk\/15200\/1\/swkm 2008 -wmexpr.pdf) Boulain, P., Shadbolt, N. and Gibbins, N. 2008. Hyperstructure Maintenance Costs in Large-scale Wikis. International Workshop on the Social Web and Knowledge Management, at the 17th international conference on World Wide Web (WWW '08). (http:\/\/eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk\/15200\/1\/swkm2008-wmexpr.pdf)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/976310.976314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Egan D. and Gomez M. 1985. Assaying isolating and accommodating individual differences in learning a complex skill. In R. Dillon (Ed.) Individual Differences in Cognition. Academic Press New York USA. Egan D. and Gomez M. 1985. Assaying isolating and accommodating individual differences in learning a complex skill. In R. Dillon (Ed.) Individual Differences in Cognition. Academic Press New York USA."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"926","article-title":"Fine-Grained Transclusions of Multimedia Documents in HTML","volume":"11","author":"Kolbitsch J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kolbitsch , J. 2005 . Fine-Grained Transclusions of Multimedia Documents in HTML . Journal of Universal Computer Science , 11 ( 6 ), 926 -- 943 . Kolbitsch, J. 2005. Fine-Grained Transclusions of Multimedia Documents in HTML. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 11(6), 926--943.","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2498\/cit.2006.02.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International ICCC\/IFIP Conference on Electronic Publishing, 359--367","author":"Krottmaier H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krottmaier , H. 2002 . Transcluded Documents: advantages of reusing document fragments . In Proceedings of the 6th International ICCC\/IFIP Conference on Electronic Publishing, 359--367 . Krottmaier, H. 2002. Transcluded Documents: advantages of reusing document fragments. In Proceedings of the 6th International ICCC\/IFIP Conference on Electronic Publishing, 359--367."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Inaugural Americas Conference on Information Systems, 122--124","author":"Leitheiser B.","unstructured":"Leitheiser , B. and Munro , D . 1995. An experimental study of the relationship between spatial ability and the learning of a graphical user interface . In Proceedings of the Inaugural Americas Conference on Information Systems, 122--124 . Leitheiser, B. and Munro, D. 1995. An experimental study of the relationship between spatial ability and the learning of a graphical user interface. In Proceedings of the Inaugural Americas Conference on Information Systems, 122--124."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1012807.1012852"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","article-title":"Unified Hyperstructures for Bioinformatics: escaping the application prison","author":"Moore A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moore , A. and Brailsford , T. J. 2004 . Unified Hyperstructures for Bioinformatics: escaping the application prison . Journal of Digital Information, 5(1). Moore, A. and Brailsford, T. J. 2004. Unified Hyperstructures for Bioinformatics: escaping the application prison. Journal of Digital Information, 5(1).","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Information, 5(1)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/504216.504259"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1012807.1012851"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"CA, USA. Reprinted in 2008 by","author":"Nelson T. H.","unstructured":"Nelson , T. H. 1980--1993. Literary Machines . Mindful Press Sausalito , CA, USA. Reprinted in 2008 by Eastgate Press , Watertown MA, USA . Nelson, T. H. 1980--1993. Literary Machines. Mindful Press Sausalito, CA, USA. Reprinted in 2008 by Eastgate Press, Watertown MA, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Nelson T. H. 1998. What's on my mind? Invited Talk at the First Wearable Computer Conference (http:\/\/www.xanadu.com.au\/ted\/zigzag\/xybrap.html). Nelson T. H. 1998. What's on my mind? Invited Talk at the First Wearable Computer Conference (http:\/\/www.xanadu.com.au\/ted\/zigzag\/xybrap.html)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Nelson T. H. 1999. ZigZag Tutorial. Project Xanadu. (http:\/\/xanadu.com\/zigzag\/tutorial\/ZZwelcome.html). Nelson T. H. 1999. ZigZag Tutorial. Project Xanadu. (http:\/\/xanadu.com\/zigzag\/tutorial\/ZZwelcome.html)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/900051.900053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","article-title":"A cosmology for a different computer universe: data model, mechanisms, virtual machine and visualization infrastructure","author":"Nelson T. H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nelson , T. H. 2004 . A cosmology for a different computer universe: data model, mechanisms, virtual machine and visualization infrastructure . Journal of Digital Information, 5(1). Nelson, T. H. 2004. A cosmology for a different computer universe: data model, mechanisms, virtual machine and visualization infrastructure. Journal of Digital Information, 5(1).","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Information, 5(1)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Multimedia and Hypertext: The Internet and Beyond","author":"Nielsen J.","unstructured":"Nielsen , J. 1995. Multimedia and Hypertext: The Internet and Beyond . Academic Press , San Diego, CA, USA . Nielsen, J. 1995. Multimedia and Hypertext: The Internet and Beyond. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1379092.1379145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/288392.288596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 139--145","author":"Tavanti M.","unstructured":"Tavanti , M. and Lind , M . 2001. 2D vs. 3D, Implications on Spatial Memory . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 139--145 . Tavanti, M. and Lind, M. 2001. 2D vs. 3D, Implications on Spatial Memory. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 139--145."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Human Computer Interaction, 387--396","author":"Theng Y. L.","unstructured":"Theng , Y. L. , Jones , M. and Thimbleby , H . 1996. \"Lost in hyperspace\": Psychological problem or bad design? In Proceedings of the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Human Computer Interaction, 387--396 . Theng, Y. L., Jones, M. and Thimbleby, H. 1996. \"Lost in hyperspace\": Psychological problem or bad design? In Proceedings of the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Human Computer Interaction, 387--396."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"839","article-title":"Addressing design and usability issues in hypertext and on the World Wide Web by re-examining the \"lost in hyperspace\" problem","volume":"4","author":"Theng Y. L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Theng , Y. L. and Thimbleby , H. 1998 . Addressing design and usability issues in hypertext and on the World Wide Web by re-examining the \"lost in hyperspace\" problem . Journal of Universal Computer Science , 4 ( 11 ), 839 -- 855 . Theng, Y. L. and Thimbleby, H. 1998. Addressing design and usability issues in hypertext and on the World Wide Web by re-examining the \"lost in hyperspace\" problem. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 4(11), 839--855.","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088702900308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Wilde E. and Lowe D. 2002. XML Linking Language XPath XLink XPointer and XML: a practical guide to web hyperlinking and transclusion. Pearson Education. Boston MA USA. Wilde E. and Lowe D. 2002. XML Linking Language XPath XLink XPointer and XML: a practical guide to web hyperlinking and transclusion. Pearson Education. Boston MA USA."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGWEB Newsletter"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1850770.1836296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T20:17:01Z","timestamp":1680812221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1850770.1836296"}},"subtitle":["understanding dimensional hypertext"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Autumn","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1850770.1836296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1850770.1836296","relation":{},"ISSN":["1931-1745","1931-1435"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-1745","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-1435","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}