{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T16:54:17Z","timestamp":1673456057237},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"Advances in wireless technology have brought us closer to extensive deployment of distributed real-time embedded systems connected through a wireless channel. The medium-access control (MAC) layer protocol is critical in providing a real-time guarantee. We have devised a real-time wireless MAC protocol, robust implicit earliest deadline first, or RI-EDF. Packets are transmitted according to EDF scheduling rules, offering a protocol that implicitly avoids contention. In the event of a packet loss or a node failure, every node has the opportunity to recover the schedule based on a static recovery priority, offering a protocol that is robust with no central point of failure. We demonstrate in simulations that RI-EDF provides better goodput and lower packet loss than existing protocols like 802.11 PCF and EDCF. In our implementation and distributed control test-bed, we show that RI-EDF provides better throughput than the TinyOS MAC-layer protocol. Overall, RI-EDF provides predictable temporal behavior with minimal impact on node failures, packet losses, and noise in the channel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1274858.1274866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,26]],"date-time":"2007-09-26T17:18:32Z","timestamp":1190827112000},"page":"28","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Robust implicit EDF"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Crenshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, Illinois"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Hoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, Illinois"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Tirumala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, Illinois"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Caccamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, Illinois"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/381677.381698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"EDCF Proposed Draft Text","volume":"802","author":"Benveniste M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benveniste , M. , Chesson , G. , Hoeben , M. , Singla , A. , Teunissen , H. , and Wentink , M. 2001 . EDCF Proposed Draft Text . IEEE Working Document 802 . 11 - 01 \/131r1. Benveniste, M., Chesson, G., Hoeben, M., Singla, A., Teunissen, H., and Wentink, M. 2001. EDCF Proposed Draft Text. IEEE Working Document 802.11-01\/131r1.","journal-title":"IEEE Working Document"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/190314.190334"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications","author":"Buttazzo G.","unstructured":"Buttazzo , G. 1997. Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications . Kluwer Academic Publishers , Boston, MA . Buttazzo, G. 1997. Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS","author":"Caccamo M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Caccamo , M. , Zhang , L. Y. , Sha , L. , and Buttazzo , G . 2002. An implicit prioritized access protocol for wireless sensor networks . In Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2002 ). Austin, Texas. Caccamo, M., Zhang, L. Y., Sha, L., and Buttazzo, G. 2002. An implicit prioritized access protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2002). Austin, Texas."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2005.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/584490.584492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.2004.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Hoke S. 2004. Wireless distributed control based on RI-EDF MAC protocol. http:\/\/pertsserver.cs. uiuc.edu\/~mcaccamo\/IPC\/. Hoke S. 2004. 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