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Fifty\u2010one fifth\u2010grade students from two classes in a public school in Taipei, Taiwan, were recruited and consented to participate. Both classes consisted of students with mixed abilities studying a foundation unit entitled \u201cElectrical Science\u201d in a natural science course. One class was chosen to be the experimental group (EG<\/jats:styled-content>) and the other class was the control group (CG<\/jats:styled-content>). The goal of this study was to examine how different instructional strategies (i.e., traditional instruction and instruction using digital games) affected the students\u2019 creativity and their performance on manual skills. The analytical results indicated that the students\u2019 creativity and their performance on manual skills displayed positive growth when they were involved in acquiring knowledge and resolving tasks in a DGBL<\/jats:styled-content> environment, which fostered their creativity and facilitated the generation of flow experiences. Moreover, there were three interesting findings related to the use of DGBL<\/jats:styled-content>: (1) the ToES<\/jats:styled-content> was an effective learning tool for cultivating the students\u2019 creativity; (2) there was a positive effect of creativity and their performance of manual skills; and (3) the ToES<\/jats:styled-content> accelerated the improvement of practical behaviors regarding manual skills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Highlights<\/jats:title>We design a digital game with creativity called the ToES. We prove differences in creativity and manual skills between traditional classroom and digital game\u2010based environment. Students were able to achieve better learning performances in DGBL environment. DGBL facilitates the generation of flow experience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T12:20:52Z","timestamp":1394626852000},"page":"377-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Development of children's creativity and manual skills within digital game\u2010based learning environment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"H\u2010S.","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan"}]},{"given":"C\u2010S.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan"}]},{"given":"C\u2010Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan"}]},{"given":"P\u2010M.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Aberle R.(2005).Building the adventure community. 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