乐胖代购免代理版

{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T13:57:00Z","timestamp":1723557420185},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>We investigate the hypothesis that our conceptual systems provide two formally distinct ways of representing categories by investigating the manner in which lexical nominals (e.g., tree, picnic table<\/jats:italic>) and phrasal nominals (e.g., black bird, birds that like rice<\/jats:italic>) are interpreted. Four experiments found that lexical nominals may be mapped onto kind representations, whereas phrasal nominals map onto class representations but not kind representations. Experiment 1 found that phrasal nominals, unlike lexical nominals, are mapped onto categories whose members need not be of a single kind. Experiments 2 and 3 found that categories named by lexical nominals enter into both class inclusion and kind hierarchies and thus support both class inclusion (is a<\/jats:italic>) and kind specification (kind of<\/jats:italic>) relations, whereas phrasal nominals map onto class representations which support only class inclusion relations. Experiment 4 showed that the two types of nominals represent hierarchical relations in different ways. Phrasal nominals (e.g., white bear<\/jats:italic>) are mapped onto classes that have criteria of membership in addition to those specified by the class picked out by the head noun of the phrase (e.g., bear<\/jats:italic>). In contrast, lexical nominals (e.g., polar bear<\/jats:italic>) specify one way to meet the criteria specified by the more general kind concept (e.g., bear<\/jats:italic>). Implications for the language\u2013conceptual system interface, representation of hierarchical relations, lexicalization, and theories of conceptual combination are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2012.01254.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T16:59:03Z","timestamp":1338569943000},"page":"1224-1250","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Conceptual and Linguistic Representations of Kinds and Classes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Prasada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hennefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Otap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.89.4.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.25.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195367638.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Relational models of the lexicon","author":"Chaffin R.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01525.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(69)80069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(01)00047-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2008.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.23.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195154061.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Phrase and paraphrase: Some innovative uses of language","author":"Gleitman L. 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