{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T12:34:55Z","timestamp":1714394095035},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]],"date-time":"2010-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>The generation of inbetween frames that interpolate a given set of key frames is a major component in the production of a 2D feature animation. Our objective is to considerably reduce the cost of the inbetweening phase by offering an intuitive and effective interactive environment that automates inbetweening when possible while allowing the artist to guide, complement, or override the results.Tight<\/jats:italic>inbetweens, which interpolate similar key frames, are particularly time\u2010consuming and tedious to draw. Therefore, we focus on automating these high\u2010precision and expensive portions of the process. We have designed a set of user\u2010guided semi\u2010automatic techniques that fit well with current practice and minimize the number of required artist\u2010gestures. We present a novel technique for stroke interpolation from only two keys which combines a stroke motion constructed from logarithmic spiral vertex trajectories with a stroke deformation based on curvature averaging and twisting warps. We discuss our system in the context of a feature animation production environment and evaluate our approach with real production data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01630.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]],"date-time":"2010-06-07T22:25:12Z","timestamp":1275949512000},"page":"605-614","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["BetweenIT: An Interactive Tool for Tight Inbetweening"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Whited","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gioacchino","family":"Noris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maryann","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jarek","family":"Rossignac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlexaM. Cohen\u2010OrD. LevinD.:As\u2010rigid\u2010as\u2010possible shape interpolation. InProc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 2000(2000) Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series pp.157\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2006.00967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BurtnykN. WeinM.:Computer generated key frame animation.Journal of the SMPTE 80(1971) 149\u2013153.","DOI":"10.5594\/J07698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BurtnykN. WeinM.:Interactive skeleton techniques for enhancing motion dynamics in key frame animation.CACM(1976).","DOI":"10.1145\/563274.563284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CatmullE.:The problems of computer\u2010assisted animation. InProc. of SIGGRAPH 1978(1978) Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series pp.348\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1145\/965139.807414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","unstructured":"De JuanC. N. BodenheimerB.:Re\u2010using traditional animation: Methods for semi\u2010automatic segmentation and inbetweening. InProceedings of Symposium on Computer Animation 2006(2005) pp.100\u2013102."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DurandC.:The toon project: Requirements for a computerized 2d animation system.Computers & Graphics 15 2(1991) 285\u2013293.","DOI":"10.1016\/0097-8493(91)90081-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FeketeJ. BizouarnE. CournaireE. GalasT. TailleferF.:Tictactoon: A paperless system for professional 2d animation. InProc. of SIGGRAPH 1995(1995) Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series pp.79\u201390.","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","unstructured":"FuH. TaiC.\u2010L. AuO. K.\u2010C.:Morphing with laplacian coordinates and spatial\u2010temporal texture. InProceedings of Pacific Graphics 2005(2005) pp.100\u2013102."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","volume-title":"The Illusion of Life","author":"Johnston O.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","unstructured":"KochanekD. BartelsR. BoothK.:A Computer System for Smooth Key Frame Animation. Tech. Rep. CS\u201082\u201042 University of Waterloo 1982."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KortA.:Computer aided inbetweening. InNPAR '02: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Nonphotorealistic animation and rendering(2002) pp.125\u2013132 10.1145\/508530.508552.","DOI":"10.1145\/508530.508552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LevoyM.:A color animation system: based on the multiplane technique. InProc. of SIGGRAPH 1977(1977) Computer Graphics Proc. Annual Conference Series pp.65\u201371.","DOI":"10.1145\/965141.563871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LlamasI. KimB. GargusJ. RossignacJ. ShawC. D.:Twister: a space\u2010warp operator for the two\u2010handed editing of 3d shapes. InProc. of ACM SIGGRAPH 2003(2003) Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series pp.663\u2013668.","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MahajanD. HuangF.\u2010C. MatusikW. RamamoorthiR. BelhumeurP.:Moving gradients: a path\u2010based method for plausible image interpolation. InProc. of SIGGRAPH 2009(2009) Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series pp.1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MiuraT. IwataJ. TsudaJ.:An application of hybrid curve generation: cartoon animation by electronic computers. InAFIPS '67 (Spring): Proceedings of the April 18\u201320 1967 spring joint computer conference(1967) pp.141\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1145\/1465482.1465504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CW.2004.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ReevesW.:Inbetweening for computer animation utilizing moving point constraints. InProc. of SIGGRAPH 1981(1981) Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series pp.263\u2013270.","DOI":"10.1145\/965161.806814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00fdkoraD. DinglianaJ. CollinsS.:As\u2010rigid\u2010as\u2010possible image registration for hand\u2010drawn cartoon animations. InNPAR '09: Proceedings of the 7th Intl. Symposium on Non\u2010Photorealistic Animation and Rendering(2009) pp.25\u201333.","DOI":"10.1145\/1572614.1572619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SurazhskyT. ElberG.:Metamorphosis of planar parametric curves via curvature interpolation.Intl. J. of Shape Modeling 8(2)(2002) 201\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218654302000145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SederbergT. W. GaoP. WangG. MuH.:2\u2010d shape blending: an intrinsic solution to the vertex path problem. InProc. of SIGGRAPH 1993(1993) Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series pp.15\u201318.","DOI":"10.1145\/166117.166118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1159951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107325852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","unstructured":"VeltkampR.:Shape matching: similarity measures and algorithms. InShape Modeling and Applications SMI 2001 Intl. Conference on. (May 2001) pp.188\u2013197."}],"container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8659.2009.01630.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01630.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T11:06:40Z","timestamp":1711537600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01630.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01630.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01630.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7055","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-8659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-06-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}