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The cognitive roles played by such computational representations in discovery are not well understood. We present a theoretical analysis of the cognitive roles such representations play, based on an ethnographic study of the building of computational models in a systems biology laboratory. Specifically, we focus on a case of model\u2010building by an engineer that led to a remarkable discovery in basic bioscience. Accounting for such discoveries requires a distributed cognition (DC<\/jats:styled-content>) analysis, as DC<\/jats:styled-content> focuses on the roles played by external representations in cognitive processes. However, DC<\/jats:styled-content> analyses by and large have not examined scientific discovery, and they mostly focus on memory offloading, particularly how the use<\/jats:italic> of existing external representations changes the nature of cognitive tasks. In contrast, we study discovery processes and argue that discoveries emerge from the processes of building<\/jats:italic> the computational representation. The building process integrates manipulations in imagination and in the representation, creating a coupled cognitive system<\/jats:italic> of model and modeler, where the model is incorporated<\/jats:italic> into the modeler's imagination. This account extends DC<\/jats:styled-content> significantly, and we present some of the theoretical and application implications of this extended account.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]],"date-time":"2014-11-29T05:55:50Z","timestamp":1417240550000},"page":"1727-1763","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Building Cognition: The Construction of Computational Representations for Scientific Discovery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Chandrasekharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education Tata Institute of Fundamental Research"}]},{"given":"Nancy J.","family":"Nersessian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Harvard University"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bm201828g"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1568537042484977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jee.20003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Thing knowledge: A philosophy of scientific instruments","author":"Baird D.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Artificial life IV","author":"Banzhaf W.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-901-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"Bohannon J.(2009).Gamers unravel the secret life of protein.Wired17.05 April 20 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674039681"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2009.01050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139136419.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"Counterfactuals in science and engineering. 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