{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T05:26:13Z","timestamp":1732771573168,"version":"3.29.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action within the projects \u201cVerifikations- und Validierungsmethoden automatisierter Fahrzeuge im urbanen Umfeld (VVMethods)\u201d"},{"name":"\u201cAutomatisierter Transport zwischen Logistikzentren auf Schnellstrassen im Level 4 (ATLAS-L4);\u201d"},{"name":"\u201cProjekt zur Etablierung von generell akzeptierten G\u00fctekriterien, Werkzeugen und Methoden sowie Szenarien und Situationen zur Freigabe hochautomatisierter Fahrfunktionen (PEGASUS)\u201d"},{"name":"PEGASUS Family"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3494036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T18:42:43Z","timestamp":1731091363000},"page":"165203-165226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Ontology-Based Approach Toward Traceable Behavior Specifications in Automated Driving"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4909-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayel Fabian","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Control Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Control Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Haber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROSTEP AG, Munich, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3467-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Control Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8010-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Steege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Law, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Graubohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Control Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Control Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2609339"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2018.8569490"},{"volume-title":"Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related To On-Road Motor Vehicle Automated Driving Systems","year":"2021","key":"ref3"},{"volume-title":"Road Vehicles\u2014Safety of the Intended Functionality","year":"2022","key":"ref4"},{"volume-title":"Road Vehicles\u2014Test Scenarios for Automated Driving Systems\u2014Taxonomy for Operational Design Domain","year":"2023","key":"ref5"},{"volume-title":"Road Vehicles\u2014Safety and Cybersecurity for Automated Driving Systems\u2014Design, Verification and Validation","key":"ref6"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Effiziente systematische testgenerierung f\u00fcr fahrerassistenzsysteme in virtuellen umgebungen","volume-title":"Automatisierungssysteme, Assistenzsysteme Und Eingebettete Systeme F\u00fcr Transportmittel","author":"Schuldt","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500632"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500406"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316871911.013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2015.164"},{"volume-title":"Zum Fahrman\u00f6verbegriff Im Kontext Automatisierter Stra\u00dfenfahrzeuge","year":"2021","author":"Jatzkowski","key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33200","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3372860","article-title":"Risk management core\u2014Toward an explicit representation of risk in automated driving","volume":"12","author":"Salem","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV47402.2020.9304780"},{"volume-title":"IEEE Standard for Assumptions in Safety-Related Models for Automated Driving Systems","year":"2022","key":"ref15"},{"article-title":"Fertigkeiten-und f\u00e4higkeitengraphen als grundlage des.sicheren betriebs von automatisierten fahrzeugen im \u00f6ffentlichen stra\u00dfenverkehr in st\u00e4dtischer umgebung","year":"2017","author":"Reschka","key":"ref16"},{"volume-title":"Road Vehicles\u2014Functional Safety","year":"2018","key":"ref17"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV51971.2022.9827151"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV55152.2023.10186664"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Wissensbasierte szenariengenerierung f\u00fcr betriebsszenarien auf deutschen autobahnen","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme Und Automatisiertes Fahren","author":"Bagschik"},{"article-title":"Systematischer einsatz von szenarien f\u00fcr die absicherung automatisierter fahrzeuge am beispiel deutscher autobahnen","year":"2022","author":"Bagschik","key":"ref21"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tiv.2024.3377534"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12851"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.3390\/app11104324","article-title":"Ontology-based knowledge representation in robotic systems: A survey oriented toward applications","volume":"11","author":"Manzoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"993","article-title":"Traffic intersection situation description ontology for advanced driver assistance","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Intell. Vehicles Symp. (IV)","author":"H\u00fclsen"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Ontology-based traffic scene modeling, traffic regulations dependent situational awareness and decision-making for automated vehicles","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Intell. Vehicles Symp. (IV)","author":"Buechel"},{"article-title":"Situation understanding and risk assessment framework for preventive driver assistance","year":"2016","author":"Armand","key":"ref27"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"227","article-title":"Ontology-based context awareness for driving assistance systems","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Intell. Vehicles Symp.","author":"Armand"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"173","article-title":"Fast decision making using ontology-based knowledge base","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Intell. Vehicles Symp. (IV)","author":"Zhao"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2015.269"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66845-1_4"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"6","article-title":"Die formalisierung von rechtsnormen am beispiel des \u00fcberholvorgangs","volume-title":"Proc. InTeR, Zeitschrift Zum Innovations-Und Technikrecht","author":"Nikol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV47402.2020.9304549"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"8","article-title":"Towards a congruent interpretation of traffic rules for automated driving-experiences and challenges","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Workshop Methodologies Translating Legal Norms Formal Represent. Assoc. 35th Int. Conf. Legal Knowledge Inf. Syst.","author":"Westhofen"},{"volume-title":"What is Computational Law?","year":"2021","author":"Genesereth","key":"ref35"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"593","article-title":"D\u00fcrfen automatisierte fahrzeuge recht brechen? Zur rechtlichen konzeption von vorgaben f\u00fcr automatisierte fahrzeuge","volume":"12","author":"Gst\u00f6ttner","year":"2021","journal-title":"NZV, Neue Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Verkehrsrecht"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748936350"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794364"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610842"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Phenomenon-signal model: Formalisation, graph and application","author":"Beck","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2207.09996"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Ph\u00e4nomen-signal-modell: Formalismus, graph und anwendung","author":"Beck","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2108.00252"},{"article-title":"Operational world model ontology for automated driving systems\u2014Part 1: Road structure","year":"2018","author":"Czarnecki","key":"ref42"},{"article-title":"Operational world model ontology for automated driving systems\u2014Part 2: Road users, animals, other obstacles, and environmental conditions","year":"2018","author":"Czarnecki","key":"ref43"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC45102.2020.9294438"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC48978.2021.9564892"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"151","article-title":"Inferenz von verhaltensattributen der verhaltenssemantischen szeneriebeschreibung f\u00fcr die entwicklung automatisierter fahrfunktionen","volume-title":"Proc. 14th Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme Und Automatisiertes Fahren","author":"Glatzki"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2489-16"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2559-08"},{"volume-title":"Waymo Safety Report","key":"ref49"},{"volume-title":"AVSC Best Practice for Evaluation of Behavioral Competencies for Automated Driving System Dedicated Vehicles (ADS-DVs)","year":"2021","key":"ref50"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45751-8_18"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39451-8_12"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Behavior-semantic scenery description (BSSD) of road networks for automated driving","author":"Lippert","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2202.05211"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2004.2"},{"volume-title":"Behavior-Based Robotics","year":"1998","author":"Arkin","key":"ref55"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2017.8317814"},{"volume-title":"Systems and Software Engineering\u2014System Life Cycle Processes","year":"2015","key":"ref57"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Stakeholder needs definition\u2014SEBoK","volume-title":"The Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK)","author":"Faisandier","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/knac.1993.1008"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref60","first-page":"9","article-title":"Haftung f\u00fcr k\u00fcnstliche intelligenz im stra\u00dfenverkehr. zum thema des arbeitskreises III auf dem 61. Deutschen verkehrsgerichtstag","volume":"23","author":"Steege","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stra\u00dfenverkehrsrecht (SVR)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36198\/9783838548906"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36198\/9783838552118"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3072739"},{"volume-title":"Semantically-Rigorous Systems Engineering Modeling Using Sysml and OWL","year":"2012","author":"Jenkins","key":"ref64"},{"article-title":"How to specify behavior of automated vehicles in accordance with traffic rules and regulations?","volume-title":"VVM Mid-term Presentation","author":"Beck","key":"ref65"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759351"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"71","article-title":"Matching sensors to missions using a knowledge-based approach","volume-title":"Proc. SPIE","volume":"6981","author":"Preece"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use case driven approach for ontology-based modeling of reconnaissance resources on-board UAVs using OWL","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Aerosp. Conf.","author":"Smirnov"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44694-5","article-title":"Online legal driving behavior monitoring for self-driving vehicles","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Commun."},{"article-title":"Building a credible case for safety: Waymo\u2019s approach for the determination of absence of unreasonable risk","year":"2023","author":"Favaro","key":"ref70"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-statistics-010814-020148"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"On using ontologies in the engineering of intelligent cyber-physical systems","volume-title":"Engineering Safe and Trustworthy Cyber Physical Systems\u2014Essays Dedicated To Werner Damm on the Occasion of His 71st Birthday","author":"Stierand","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10652","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3350512","article-title":"ODD and behavior based scenario generation for automated driving systems","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advantageous usage of textual domain-specific languages for scenario-driven development of automated driving functions","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Syst. Conf. (SysCon)","author":"Bock"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"RuleFuser: An evidential Bayes approach for rule injection in imitation learned planners and predictors for robustness under distribution shifts","author":"Patrikar","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.11139"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10380310\/10747351.pdf?arnumber=10747351","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T10:46:26Z","timestamp":1732704386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10747351\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":75,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3494036","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2169-3536"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}